Search results for "Precancerou"
showing 9 items of 89 documents
Barrett's esophagus: endoscopic resection
2003
In experienced hands, ER is a safe method of resecting dysplastic lesions and early carcinomas of the GI tract, and it has decisive advantages compared with other local endoscopic treatment procedures (such as thermal destruction and PDT). The opportunity for histological processing of the resected specimen provides information regarding the depth of invasion of the individual layers of the GI tract wall. Additionally, it has advantages regarding excision with healthy margins. This means that even when there is infiltration of the submucosa that has not been detected before treatment--in which case local endoscopic therapy is no longer appropriate--a patient with early Barrett's cancer stil…
Magnifying chromoendoscopy for the detection of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions
2006
The prognosis for patients with malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract is strictly dependent on the early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions. At present, endoscopy can be performed with new, powerful high-resolution or magnifying endoscopes. Comparable to the rapid development in chip technology, the optic features of the newly designed endoscopes offer resolutions that allow new mucosal surface details to be seen. In conjunction with chromoendoscopy, the newly discovered tool of video endoscopy is much easier to use and more impressive than previously used fibreoptic endoscopy. This review summarises the value of magnifying endoscopy in the upper and lower gastrointestinal…
Systematic review of the diagnosis of gastric premalignant conditions and neoplasia with high-resolution endoscopic technologies
2013
Aim. The aim of the article is to systematically review the current evidence on the diagnostic use of narrow band imaging (NBI), flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) and endoscopic image enhancement technology i-scan endoscopies for gastric precancerous and cancerous lesions. Materials and methods. Original manuscripts were searched in PubMed until October 2012. Pertinent data were collected and pooled diagnostic accuracy measures were estimated when possible. Results. In total, 38 studies were evaluated. Thirty-one studies were included for NBI and 7 studies for FICE assessment in this systematic review. No article was found meeting inclusion criteria for i-scan endoscopy. Th…
Novel non-invasive Adjunctive Techniques for Early Oral Cancer Diagnosis and Oral Lesions Examination
2012
Oral cancer is a potentially fatal disease with an increasing incidence and an unchanged 5-year mortality rate. Unfortunately, oral cancer is often still late diagnosed, which leads to an increase in the likelihood of functional impairment due to treatment and mortality rate. Definitive diagnosis of oral cancer must be confirmed by scalpel biopsy and histological assessment. However despite its benefits, scalpel biopsy is invasive and it is burdened by a potential morbidity. Furthermore, previous studies have suggested a high degree of intraobserver and interobserver variability regarding the histological evaluation of malignancy. As a consequence, in recent years there has been a growing a…
Focal elevation of liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase in early preneoplastic stages and its behaviour in the further course of hepatocarcinogenesis.
1981
Abstract Treatment of rats with N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) for 7 weeks led to a focal increase in liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EH) as early as 2 weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen. This treatment also leads to hyperplastic nodules and liver tumors, but much later. At the same early time point, ATPase activity was decreased in the same islands. Most of these areas already had increased γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity. The increase in EH at this early time point was more distinct than the decrease in ATPase which has thus far been considered a suitable marker of the earliest stages in hepatocarcinogenesis. The focal increase in EH was also observed in all benign hepatomas, but n…
Estimation of serum lipids in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in India
2014
Objectives: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is the most prevalent precancerous condition in India. Low levels of lipids serves as a marker and prognostic indicator in the early detection of oral precancerous and cancerous states. In spite of the high prevalence and its potential to undergo malignant transformation, this condition has not widely been investigated with respect to the serum lipid levels. In the present study, an attempt was made to analyze the complete serum lipid profile, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) choleste - rol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol in OSMF and controls. M…
Markers for gastric cancer premalignant lesions: where do we go?
2012
Only a small proportion of patients infected with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> develop gastric cancer during their lifetime. At the same time, this type of cancer remains an important cause of mortality globally. The current interventional strategies have not been successful in decreasing the global burden of the disease; therefore, biomarkers for the identification of the individuals at high risk as well as those in the early stage of the disease is of high importance. In addition, predicting the point of no return for the development of the malignancy is of particular interest; whether atrophy, intestinal or spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia, or some of their subtype…
Expression of 60-kD Heat Shock Protein Increases during Carcinogenesis in the Uterine Exocervix
2002
<i>Objectives:</i> The aim of the present study was to determine the presence and expression of the 60-kD heat shock protein (HSP60) in the dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in the uterine exocervix and to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic significance. <i>Methods and Results:</i> We performed Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses on biopsies from 40 cases, consisting of 10 normal exocervical biopsies, 10 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (L-SIL), 10 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (H-SIL) and 10 cancerous exocervices (G2 grade). The immunohistochemical results were quantified by computer-assisted image analysis. Western blot analysis sho…
Oral lichenoid disease as a premalignant condition : the controversies and the unknown
2009
We grouped as oral lichenoid disease (OLD) a series of chronic inflammatory processes with autoimmune base that affect the epithelium of the oral mucosa. This disease presents in 2% of the population with a marked predilection for the female gender, especially perimenopausal women. Clinically, it is characterized by the presence of lineal reticular papules and histologically by liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer of the epithelium associated with an inflammatory infiltrate with a "band-like" disposition on the lamina propria, composed primarily of T lymphocyte cells. Its pathogenicity is associated with deregulation of the cellular immune system, where the activated cytotoxic CD8 a…