Search results for "Precision medicine."
showing 10 items of 211 documents
The organoid era permits the development of new applications to study glioblastoma
2020
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary adult brain tumor. The great number of mutations involved and the aggressiveness of glioblastoma render this type of cancer especially difficult to investigate. To address this problem, cerebral organoids have emerged as promising tools to investigate brain biology and to recapitulates the major steps involved in glioblastoma tumorigenesis. This review focuses on methods of cerebral organoid development, describes the protocols used for inducing glioblastoma, the approach used to derive glioblastoma organoids directly from patients’ biopsies and discusses their limitations and potential future direction. Abstract Glioblastoma (GB) is th…
Personalized Medicine: Recent Progress in Cancer Therapy
2020
Translational research has revolutionized how we develop new treatments for cancer patients. The change from an organ-centric concept guiding treatment choice towards deep molecular analysis, driving a personalized approach, is one of the most important advances of modern oncology. Several tools such as next generation sequencing and RNA sequencing have greatly improved the capacity to detect predictive and prognostic molecular alterations. Detection of gene mutations, amplifications, and fusions has therefore altered the history of several diseases in both a localized and metastatic setting. This shift in perspective, in which attention is focused on the specific molecular alterations of t…
Next-generation sequencing: big data meets high performance computing
2017
The progress of next-generation sequencing has a major impact on medical and genomic research. This high-throughput technology can now produce billions of short DNA or RNA fragments in excess of a few terabytes of data in a single run. This leads to massive datasets used by a wide range of applications including personalized cancer treatment and precision medicine. In addition to the hugely increased throughput, the cost of using high-throughput technologies has been dramatically decreasing. A low sequencing cost of around US$1000 per genome has now rendered large population-scale projects feasible. However, to make effective use of the produced data, the design of big data algorithms and t…
NF-κB Is a Potential Molecular Drug Target in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.
2017
Breast cancer continues to cause significant burden in global health morbidity and mortality. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive with poor prognosis and are characterized by lack of expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her-2). TNBCs are often resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy and pose major difficulty in achieving personalized medicine due to their molecular heterogeneity. There is increasing evidence that the aberrant activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling is a frequent characteristic of TNBCs. We evaluated the effects of different potential NF-κB inhibitors, such as bisindolylmaleimide I (BI…
Advances in the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
2016
Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity which may present with skin manifestations as primary sign of the disease (cutaneous lupus erythematosus, CLE) or as part of a disease spectrum (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE). To date, no drugs are approved specifically for the treatment of CLE and only single agents have been applied in randomized controlled trials. Therefore, topical and systemic agents are used “off-label”, primarily based on open-label studies, case series, retrospective analyses, and expert opinions. In contrast, several agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine,…
Inherent and toxicant-provoked reduction in DNA repair capacity: A key mechanism for personalized risk assessment, cancer prevention and intervention…
2018
Abstract Genomic investigations reveal novel evidence which indicates that genetic predisposition and inherent drug response are key factors for development of cancer and for poor response to therapy. However, mechanisms for these outcomes and interactions with environmental factors have not been well-characterized. Therefore, cancer risk, prevention, intervention and prognosis determinations have still mainly been based on population, rather than on individualized, evaluations. The objective of this review was to demonstrate that a key mechanism which contributes to the determination is inherent and/or toxicant-provoked reduction in DNA repair capacity. In addition, functional and quantita…
Translating nanoparticulate-personalized cancer vaccines into clinical applications: case study with RNA-lipoplexes for the treatment of melanoma
2016
The development of nucleic acid based vaccines against cancer has gained considerable momentum through the advancement of modern sequencing technologies and on novel RNA-based synthetic drug formats, which can be readily adapted following identification of every patient's tumor-specific mutations. Furthermore, affordable and individual ‘on demand’ production of molecularly optimized vaccines should allow their application in large groups of patients. This has resulted in the therapeutic concept of an active personalized cancer vaccine, which has been brought into clinical testing. Successful trials have been performed by intranodal administration of sterile isotonic solutions of synthetic …
Uterine microbiome—low biomass and high expectations†
2018
AbstractThe existence of different bacterial communities throughout the female reproductive tract has challenged the traditional view of human fetal development as a sterile event. There is still no consensus on what physiological microbiota exists in the upper reproductive tract of the vast majority of women who are not in periods of infection or pregnancy, and the role of bacteria that colonize the upper reproductive tract in uterine diseases or pregnancy outcomes is not well established. Despite published studies and advances in uterine microbiome sequencing, some study aspects—such as study design, sampling method, DNA extraction, sequencing methods, downstream analysis, and assignment …
DrugTargetInspector: An assistance tool for patient treatment stratification
2016
Cancer is a large class of diseases that are characterized by a common set of features, known as the Hallmarks of cancer. One of these hallmarks is the acquisition of genome instability and mutations. This, combined with high proliferation rates and failure of repair mechanisms, leads to clonal evolution as well as a high genotypic and phenotypic diversity within the tumor. As a consequence, treatment and therapy of malignant tumors is still a grand challenge. Moreover, under selective pressure, e.g., caused by chemotherapy, resistant subpopulations can emerge that then may lead to relapse. In order to minimize the risk of developing multidrug-resistant tumor cell populations, optimal (comb…
Basic Concepts in Molecular Biology Related to Genetics and Epigenetics.
2017
The observation that "one size does not fit all" for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, among other diseases, has driven the concept of precision medicine. The goal of precision medicine is to provide the best-targeted interventions tailored to an individual's genome. The human genome is composed of billions of sequence arrangements containing a code that controls how genes are expressed. This code depends on other nonstatic regulators that surround the DNA and constitute the epigenome. Moreover, environmental factors also play an important role in this complex regulation. This review provides a general perspective on the basic concepts of molecular biology related to g…