Search results for "Precision"
showing 10 items of 448 documents
Precision spectroscopy on trapped atomic ions
1987
Recent examples of lifetime measurements, ground state hyperfine splittings and spectroscopy on minute samples of radioactive ions illustrate the extension of classical methods of spectroscopy to new regions of interest by the use of ion storage techniques. Estimates are given on the sensitivity of the method with respect to be possible investigation of the Bohr-Weisskopf effect in isotopic chains of elements.
Polarimetry at MAMI
2013
Moller and Mott polarimeters have been compared concerning their measurement accuracy in a dedicated "spin dance" experiment. The results obtained with the different polarimeters at vastly different energy ranges were in agreement with each other within the given systematic uncertainties of a few percent. We discuss investigations of background conditions which may allow to reduce this important contribution to the uncertainties in the Mott polarimeter to a value below 1.0%.
High-precision mass measurements of 25Al and 30P at JYFLTRAP
2016
The masses of the astrophysically relevant nuclei 25Al and 30P have been measured with a Penning trap for the first time. The mass-excess values for 25Al ( $\Delta = -8915.962(63)$ keV) and 30P ( $\Delta = -20200.854(64)$ keV) obtained with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer are in good agreement with the Atomic Mass Evaluation 2012 values but $ \approx$ 5-10 times more precise. A high precision is required for calculating resonant proton-capture rates of astrophysically important reactions 25Al (p, $ \gamma$ )26Si and 30P(p, $ \gamma$ )31S . In this work, $ Q_{(p,\gamma)} = 5513.99(13)$ keV and $ Q_{(p,\gamma)} = 6130.64(24)$ keV were obtained for 25Al and 30P , respectivel…
Rationale and design of the CRAFT (Continuous ReAssessment with Flexible ExTension in Rare Malignancies) multicenter phase II trial.
2021
Background Approvals of cancer therapeutics are primarily disease entity specific. Current molecular diagnostic approaches frequently identify actionable alterations in rare cancers or rare subtypes of common cancers for which the corresponding treatments are not approved and unavailable within clinical trials due to entity-related eligibility criteria. Access may be negotiated with health insurances. However, approval rates vary, and critical information required for a scientific evaluation of treatment-associated risks and benefits is not systematically collected. Thus clinical trials with optimized patient selection and comprehensive molecular characterization are essential for translati…
In the literature: August 2018.
2018
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by a very poor prognosis. Despite some minor therapeutic advances, median overall survival of patients with metastatic disease ranges from 6 to 11 months. Even for those who undergo potential curative surgery, expected median survival is below 27 months. Current treatment for both localised and metastatic disease is often based on unspecific characteristics, such as performance status and comorbidities. As many patients with PDAC are chemorefractory, there is an unmet clinical need to define responsiveness. Moreover, precision medicine approaches for pancreatic cancer are challenging. In an article recently published in Cancer Discove…
In the literature: April 2018
2018
The most important aim of precision medicine is the selection of the best treatment for each individual patient. To achieve this objective, the analysis of the molecular changes that can occur due to tumour heterogeneity or after anticancer treatment is fundamental. A dynamical study of the disease could lead to the identification of specific targets, which need to be inhibited at time of tumour progression. By using high-throughput sequencing, it is possible to identify a very limited number of somatic mutations that can be exploited for cancer treatment and drug development. However, the ability to predict response to targeted agents needs to be further improved. To do this, parallel stud…
How to optimize HCV therapy in genotype 1 patients: predictors of response.
2013
The advent of triple therapy (TT) with first-generation protease inhibitors boceprevir (BOC) and telaprevir (TVR) in addition to pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) has resulted in a significant improvement in the sustained virological response (SVR) rate and potentially in life years gained compared to dual therapy (DT), when treating naive or treatment-experienced patients with genotype 1 (G1) chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This benefit is partly offset by the increased complexity of treatment, and the increased costs and risks of therapy, making it necessary to optimize the indications for TT. Naive patients with mild fibrosis and the IL28B CC polymorphism and/or with a rapid vi…
Quantitative modeling of clinical, cellular, and extracellular matrix variables suggest prognostic indicators in cancer: a model in neuroblastoma
2014
BACKGROUND: Risk classification and treatment stratification for cancer patients is restricted by our incomplete picture of the complex and unknown interactions between the patient's organism and tumor tissues (transformed cells supported by tumor stroma). Moreover, all clinical factors and laboratory studies used to indicate treatment effectiveness and outcomes are by their nature a simplification of the biological system of cancer, and cannot yet incorporate all possible prognostic indicators. METHODS: A multiparametric analysis on 184 tumor cylinders was performed. To highlight the benefit of integrating digitized medical imaging into this field, we present the results of computational s…
Multidisciplinary strategies to improve treatment outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma
2013
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease with a poor prognosis. Incidence and mortality rates are increasing in many geographical regions, indicating a need for better management strategies. Among several risk factors for HCC, the most common are cirrhosis because of chronic hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus infection and alcohol consumption, obesity, and diabetes. In some patients, combined risk factors present additional challenges to the prevention and treatment of HCC. Screening and surveillance of high-risk populations varies widely by geographic regions, and access to optimal surveillance is critical for early diagnosis. The treatment choice for HCC depends on the canc…
Monoclonal antibodies in gastrointestinal cancers
2013
Introduction: Among gastrointestinal cancers, colorectal and gastric neoplasms are the most frequent. The development of new targeted drugs improved the efficacy of systemic therapy in advanced stages of those malignancies. Areas covered: This review highlights the main biological processes implicated in gastrointestinal cancer development and progression, such as angiogenesis and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. On these bases, anti-EGFR and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibodies in colorectal and gastric cancer are discussed. Data about further monoclonal antibodies in development are also reported. Expert opinion: The use of monoclo…