Search results for "Presupposition"
showing 10 items of 14 documents
Questions in Cognitive Mimetics
2021
Human thinking advances through questions and answers. Any field of human endeavor is permeated by the presence of questions, answers and presuppositions. Questions have a kind of universality, whereby one can place the question marks on anything, including questions themselves. The process of asking the right questions about the right things and in the right way are key for the explication of an approach. Recently, we have begun thinking about an approach to the design of intelligent technology: Cognitive mimetics. In brief, the idea is to take inspiration of empirical human thinking in specific contexts to develop AI solutions. The purpose of this article is to question this approach from…
Practices of grading: an ethnographic study of educational assessment
2013
The school as an institution assumes that students' grades are constituted by their assessments. This paper examines the background of this presupposition and provides a micro-analytical perspective of the grading practice of teachers in German High Schools (Gymnasium). This paper conceptualises the theoretical framework of the research in educational measurement in discussion. It is shown that the measured assessment of students and the teacher's observations are linked. When grading, teachers construct their own assessments. This process is depicted in this paper by two forms of observations: self-observation within the context of written examinations and third-party observation within th…
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION INSTITUTIONS IN IMPROVED APPROACHES TO MODERN LABOUR FORCE TRAINING
2012
The current research is aimed at studying the role of public administration institutions in securing improved approaches towards modern labour force training. More specifically, the research is being targeted at the existing and emerging institutional approaches (mechanisms) for a comprehensive treatment of the problem of labour market skills in relation to ‘innovation capable’ labour force. The presupposition behind the research is that the relatively weak links between the higher education and research system and the vocational education and training system may be a potential obstacle for the training of ‘innovation capable’ workforce at all levels. To study the problem, the opinions of t…
Representing the Other: A Case for Interdisciplinary Clinical Legal Education: Example of the Human Rights and Migration Law Clinic
2019
From January 2018 until late July of the same year, I had an opportunity to participate in the Human Rights and Migration Law Clinic (hereafter HRMLC or ’the Clinic’) in Torino, where I got a chance to experience working with the asylum seekers, interviewing them, writing their Legal Memo as well as preparing them for the hearing in front of the Territorial Commission (Italian First Board Commissions). An important aspect of the Clinic in question is the fact that it is conducted in cooperation with the Department of Anthropology and it involves anthropology students in the work with the asylum seekers. From the very beginning, it was apparent to me why they have opted for the involvement o…
Signs and transitions: Do they differ phonetically and does it matter?
2013
The point of departure of this article is the cluster of three pre-theoretical presuppositions (P) governing modern research on sign languages: (1) that a stream of signing consists of signs (S) and transitions (T), (2) that only Ss are linguistically relevant units, and (3) that there is a qualitative (e.g., phonetic) difference between Ss and Ts. Of these, the article focuses on the relatively untested P3, which is used to back up P1 and P2, and investigates the velocity and acceleration properties of Ss and Ts on the basis of continuous motion-capture data from Finnish Sign Language. The main finding of the study is that the speed of Ss is slower (and varies less) than that of Ts but tha…
Persuasive presuppositions in OECD and EU higher education policy documents
2008
The article analyses presuppositions in higher education policy documents of the OECD and the European Union from the point of view of their persuasiveness. Presuppositions set the assumed common ground, which in turn sets the frame of interpretation of texts. However, by presenting something as common ground, presuppositions also shape our views of the reality. Used in this way, presuppositions can be used to present contested views, which would be open to criticism if they were asserted explicitly. The analysis does not evaluate the actual success of persuasion, but rather how policy documents are construed in a persuasive way.
Kants Konzeption kosmologischer Freiheit – ein metaphysischer Rest?
2017
Die deutschen Idealisten waren der Auffassung, Kant habe mit seiner transzendentalen Umwälzung der Begründungsproblematik eine Revolution in der philosophischen Denkungsart in Gang gesetzt, die es weniger aufzuhalten als vielmehr dadurch zu vollbringen gelte, daß die Voraussetzungen oder ‚Fundamente‘ der Kantischen Philosophie selbst kritisch in den Blick genommen würden. Zu diesen Voraussetzungen gehört zweifelsohne Kants Architektonik der Vernunft im allgemeinen und die Stellung, die dem Freiheitsbegriff dabei zukommt, im besonderen. Es wird gezeigt, daß Kants Bestimmung kosmologischer oder transzendentaler Freiheit nicht so sehr einen sicheren Ausgangspunkt für Erkundungen im Rahmen der …
Exploring the Political Ontology of European Integration
2018
In this chapter, the author politicizes the ontological dimension of EU studies. He discusses ontology’s power to determine the real by analyzing some of its unformulated presuppositions and the links with knowledge and action. He argues that key European institutions like the European Commission do not change only because of institutional dynamics but also in relation to transnational interplays of differentiated agents operating simultaneously in multiple social spheres. Institutions and particularly institutional change have to be explained in the light of both new policy challenges and the preferences and habits of the agents making up these institutions and their surroundings. Such an …
The implicit in "In search of lost ime" : study on an aspect of proustien speech
2013
The implicit is defined as content present in speech without being formally expressed. Presupposition and implied content are the two fundamental elements of this concept. They act as information implied in speech whose essence the speaker can grasp or decrypt using the theories of pragmatics and enunciative linguistics. Proustian speech constitutes a remarkable example of the use of the implicit and its concepts. The present work is entirely devoted to the search for the implicit in Proust’s In Search of Lost Time. In our work, the development of this concept emerges especially in the verbal interaction between Proust's characters, also, through the speech of the narrator who opts for a ne…
Practical applications of naturalistic inquiry in intercultural education
2021
In recent years, the field of intercultural communication has seen a remarkable shift characterized by a growth in publications that distance themselves from the traditional, essentialist understanding of culture. In research, this shift is reflected in approaches that appreciate culture-in-action instead of taking culture for granted as a stable entity that pre-exists social interaction and predicts as well as explains human behavior. However, despite attempts to introduce differentiated views on culture and interculturality in education, concrete options for critical intercultural training are scarce and often remain abstract, which makes their application challenging. This article argues…