Search results for "Prevalence"

The beginning of the tobacco-related lung-cancer epidemic among Spanish women

2005

Clinical and endocrine characteristics of the main polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes

2009

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and endocrine differences between main polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes. DESIGN: To evaluate clinical and hormone parameters in a large group of consecutive women with PCOS diagnosed according Rotterdam criteria and divided according their phenotype. SETTING: University department of medicine. PATIENT(S): Three hundred eighty-two consecutive women with PCOS and 85 ovulatory controls. INTERVENTION(S): Evaluation of clinical and hormone parameters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Blood levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, glucose, and insulin,…

Oral health in a group of patients with Rett syndrome in the regions of Valencia and Murcia (Spain): A case-control study

2014

Objectives: Rett syndrome (RS) is a rare disease with oral manifestations that have not been described in detail or in a standardized manner in the literature. The present study describes the oral health of the population with RS in two Spanish regions, following the protocol of the World Health Organization for conducting common oral health surveys. Study Design: A prospective, observational case-control study was carried out, involving a group of patients with RS (n1=41) and a mean age of 13.37±3.19 years, and an age- and gender-matched control group without RS (n0=82). The data referred to oral health and habits were recorded by means of a questionnaire and oral examination was used to d…

Socio-economic factors and prevalence of underweight and overweight among female students in Poland.

2005

The aim of the work was to assess the prevalence of underweight among young women and to analyse factors contributing to this phenomenon. The study group consisted of 718 female students aged 18-24 years. Underweight, overweight and obesity was classified according to BMI and WHO criteria. To assess the socio-economic status (SES), place of residence before entering the university and education of parents were used. Variables characterising lifestyle such as sports activity, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking were also taken into account. In the studied group, the prevalence of underweight was much higher than the prevalence of overweight and obesity (15.3% and 3.5%, respectively). Low …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Palermo, Italy: an epidemiological study

1989

The incidence, prevalence and natural course of ALS were determined in the population of the province of Palermo, Italy. The average annual incidence calculated for the years 1973 through 1984, was 044./100.000 inhabitants. The prevalence rate on prevalence day December 31, 1984, was 1.67/100.000 population. The male/female ratio was 1.38. The mean age at onset was 54.3±11.02. The most common clinical form was the conventional one (61.4%); the bulbar form was more frequent among females than males. The mean duration of the disease was 33.7±35.8 months. The longest duration belongs to the pseudopolyneuritic form. The median survival was 36 months: 16 months for the bulbar, 36 months for the …

Measuring change in health care equity using small-area administrative data – Evidence from the English NHS 2001–2008

2012

This study developed a method for measuring change in socio-economic equity in health care utilisation using small-area level administrative data. Our method provides more detailed information on utilisation than survey data but only examines socio-economic differences between neighbourhoods rather than individuals. The context was the English NHS from 2001 to 2008, a period of accelerated expenditure growth and pro-competition reform. Hospital records for all adults receiving non-emergency hospital care in the English NHS from 2001 to 2008 were aggregated to 32,482 English small areas with mean population about 1500 and combined with other small-area administrative data. Regression models …

Obstructive sleep apnoea in adult patients post-tonsillectomy

2021

Background: The impact of removing the upper airway lymphoid tissue and in particular, tonsillectomy, in adults with OSA has not been demonstrated in large populations. Aims: To compare the severity of OSA and the prevalence of cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory co-morbidities between patients with OSA who had undergone previous tonsillectomy and those who had not. Methods: The 19,711 participants in this study came from the European sleep apnea database (ESADA) which comprises data from unselected adult patients aged 18–80 years with a history of symptoms suggestive of OSA referred to sleep centers throughout Europe. Results: There were no differences between the two groups in terms…

Clinical Recognition and Management of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1996

Adults with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are a new phenomenon to many health care providers. While increasing evidence indicates children with ADD/ADHD can have persistent problems into adulthood, the significance and management of these disorders for adults are poorly understood. Studies of adults are confounded by frequent comorbidity with other conditions and by retrospective diagnosis of childhood ADD/ADHD. Research studies of pharmacologic interventions do not indicate a clear pattern of efficacy and safety for any drug class. Pharmacologic treatment of adults with ADD/ADHD is often guided by clinical experience. Efficacy of treat…

Prospective seroepidemiologic study of human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for invasive cervical cancer

1997

Background: Major risk factors for invasive cervical cancer include infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), infection with other sexually transmitted pathogens (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis), and smoking. Since exposures to these risk factors can be related, the contribution of any single factor to cervical carcinogenesis has been difficult to assess. We conducted a prospective study to define the role of HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, with invasive cancer as an end point. Methods: A nested case‐control study within a joint cohort of 700 000 Nordic subjects was performed. The 182 women who developed invasive cervical cancer during a mean follow-up of 5 years were matched with 5…

Risk of low bone mineral density and low body mass index in patients with non-celiac wheat-sensitivity: a prospective observation study.

2014

Background Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or ‘wheat sensitivity’ (NCWS) is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. No data are available on the prevalence of low bone mass density (BMD) in NCWS. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of low BMD in NCWS patients and search for correlations with other clinical characteristics. Methods This prospective observation study included 75 NCWS patients (63 women; median age 36 years) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms, 65 IBS and 50 celiac controls. Patients were recruited at two Internal Medicine Departments. Elimination diet and double-blind placebo controlled (DBPC) wheat challenge proved the NCWS diagnosis. A…