Search results for "Prevention"
showing 10 items of 1662 documents
Relationships Between Physical Fitness, Demands of Flight Duty, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Military Pilots.
2015
Although the mechanisms of G-induced stresses on the spinal structure of military pilots are well understood, less is known about relationships between the intensity of physical activity, fitness, occupational musculoskeletal symptoms, and the degree of resulting disabilities. During an aeromedical examination, Finnish military pilots answered a questionnaire on their flying experience, the occurrence of flight duty-related pain, the degree of resulting disabilities, and the intensity of physical activity they conducted. 195 males were selected for further analysis. They were divided into three groups, designated high G, low G, and HQ, according to their current flight duty profile. 93% of …
Blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering for prevention of strokes and cognitive decline: a review of available trial evidence.
2014
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:: It is well established by a large number of randomized controlled trials that lowering blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by drugs are powerful means to reduce stroke incidence, but the optimal BP and LDL-C levels to be achieved are largely uncertain. Concerning BP targets, two hypotheses are being confronted: first, the lower the BP, the better the treatment outcome, and second, the hypothesis that too low BP values are accompanied by a lower benefit and even higher risk. It is also unknown whether BP lowering and LDL-C lowering have additive beneficial effects for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and whether these…
Balance Confidence and Functional Balance in Relation to Falls in Older Persons with Hip Fracture History
2007
PURPOSE: To investigate whether self-assessed balance confidence and functional balance are associated with falls in older persons with hip fracture history. METHODS: This study is a part of a larger study on functional capacity and exercise rehabilitation in hip fracture patients. Seventy-nine patients, operated at the local hospital for collum or trochanter fracture within one-half to 7 years, participated in the laboratory measurements. Balance confidence was assessed with Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC) and functional balance using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). According to self-reported number of falls during the previous 6 months participants were classified as thos…
Comparative Study Between Unilateral and Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Children of 1 and 2 Years of Age
2016
Abstract Introduction The studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of bilateral cochlear implantation in children suggest an improvement in hearing about sound localisation and speech discrimination. In this paper we show the differences in audio-linguistic achievements with early bilateral cochlear implantation versus unilateral, and differences between simultaneous and sequential bilateral implantation. Material and methods We present 88 children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, treated with bilateral cochlear implantation in 32 cases and unilateral in 56 cases, during the first 12 months (27 children) of life and between 12 and 24 months (61 children). We conducte…
Improvement of motor performance by observational training in elderly people.
2010
Action observation influences action execution; this strong coupling is underlined by an overlap of cortical areas activated during observation and execution of action, and is dependent of specific motor experience. The goal of the present study was to verify if action observation can be used for rehabilitation of elderly people. We tested this question with a protocol of observational practice of 2 frequently used movements: walking and sit-to-stand/back-to-sit. Both tasks were performed at normal and maximal speed before and after training, by 8 elderly subjects. Observational practice led to an increase in walking velocity via an increase in step frequency, but without modification of st…
The effect of attentional load on the breathing pattern in children.
1998
Abstract Experiments designed to establish the effects of video games on breathing patterns have led to contradictory results. Several authors reported that video games tended to increase breathing frequency (i.e. to reduce breath duration), whereas others reported the opposite. We postulated that video games contain different psychophysiological components which may have opposite effects on breathing pattern. On the one hand, arousal and emotion may tend to stimulate breathing. On the other, focusing attention on the game may prompt subject to inhibit any movement — including breathing — which might be a potential nuisance variable. The aim of this study was to assess the specific effects …
Rivaroxaban-induced hepatotoxicity
2017
Aim/Objective/Background Direct-acting oral anticoagulant drugs are marketed worldwide for the primary and secondary prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Rivaroxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, is one of the most used. Rivaroxaban-induced hepatotoxicity is unusual, although a number of adverse reports have recently been reported. Here, we report two new cases of rivaroxaban-induced hepatitis. Methods A systematic search of case reports on the MEDLINE database encompassing the years 2008–2016 was carried out.Additional references were obtained following a manual search of the retrieved papers. We report two new cases of adverse events occurred in patients treated w…
Smoking differently modifies suicide risk of affective disorders, substance use disorders, and social factors
2008
Abstract Background Although an association between smoking and suicide has repeatedly been shown, information about a modifying influence of smoking on other risk factors for suicide is lacking. Methods Axis I and Axis II disorders, sociodemographic factors, and tobacco use were assessed by a semi-structured interview including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) and Personality Disorders (SCID-II) in 163 suicides (mean age 49.6 +/− 19.3 years; 64.4% men;) by psychological autopsy method and by personal interview in 396 living population-based control persons (mean age 51.6 +/− 17.0 years; 55.8% men). Results Smoking status (current smokers, lifetime non-smokers, a…
Cardio‐Renal Biomarker Soluble Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor Is Associated With Cardiovascular Death and Myocardial Infarction in Pat…
2020
Background Risk stratification among patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) is of considerable interest due to the potential to guide secondary preventive therapies. Thus, we evaluated the predictive value of soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (su PAR ) levels for cardiovascular mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with CAD . Methods and Results Plasma levels of su PAR were measured in a cohort of 1703 patients with documented CAD as evidenced by coronary angiography—including 626 patients with acute coronary syndrome and 1077 patients with stable angina pectoris. Cardiovascular death and/or nonfatal myocardial infarction were defined as main o…
Long‐Term Risk of Myocardial Infarction Compared to Recurrent Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack and Ischemic Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta‐…
2018
Background Uncertainties remain about the current risk of myocardial infarction ( MI ) after ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methods and Results We undertook a systematic review to estimate the long‐term risk of MI , compared to recurrent stroke, with temporal trends in ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack patients. Annual risks and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ) of MI and recurrent stroke were estimated using random‐effect meta‐analyses. We calculated incidence ratios of MI /recurrent stroke, for fatal and nonfatal events, using similar analyses. Rate ratios for MI in patients with potential risk factors compared to those without were calculated using Poisson regres…