Search results for "Primula"
showing 9 items of 19 documents
Parallel evolution of flower reduction in two alpineSoldanellaspecies (Primulaceae)
2014
The European endemic Soldanella has traditionally been divided into two morphologically well-defined sections. Section Tubiflores contains two species growing in high-elevation habitats, whereas most of the 14 species of section Soldanella inhabit montane forests. Section Tubiflores has a reduced floral morphology compared with section Soldanella. A previous phylogenetic study based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and AFLP data has revealed that, although the genus Soldanella itself is monophyletic, both sections are paraphyletic. Soldanella alpina (section Soldanella) forms a clade with S. minima and S. pusilla (section Tubiflores), and the grouping of S. alpina with S. pusilla has be…
Phylogeny and quaternary history of the European montane/alpine endemicSoldanella(Primulaceae) based on ITS and AFLP variation
2001
Soldanella contains 16 species of herbaceous perennials that are endemic to the central and south European high mountains. The genus is ecogeographically subdivided into forest/montane and alpine species. Evolutionary relationships and large-scale biogeographic patterns were inferred from parsimony analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and genetic distance analyses based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The ITS region proved useful for examining subgeneric relationships and testing hypotheses on genus-wide divergence times, whereas the AFLP markers were suitable for studying relationships among closely related taxa and b…
Classification of Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) based on two molecular data sets (ITS, AFLPs), morphology and geographical distribution
2004
On the basis of the study of c. 1100 herbarium specimens, field observations and molecular (ITS, AFLPs) evidence, Primula sect. Auricula is classified into two subsections, 25 species and six subspecies. Primula auricula L. ssp. widmerae (Pax) L. B. Zhang stat. nov., P. auricula Linn. ssp. tatriaca L. B. Zhang ssp. nov., and P. latifolia Lapeyr. ssp. cynoglossifolia (Widmer) L. B. Zhang stat. nov. are newly described or combined; P. auricula s.l. is divided into two species: P. auricula Linn. and P. balbisii Lehm., representing the northern and the southern populations of P. auricula s.l. resolved in the molecular study, respectively; P. cottia Widmer and P. balbisii Lehm. are recovered fro…
Spatial and Temporal Patterns in the Evolution of the Flora of the European Alpine System
2003
This paper presents a perspective of how phylogenetic and phylogeographic hypotheses, based on nuclear DNA sequence variation (ITS) or amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), can provide insights into the origin and evolution of the European high mountain flora. We focus on a diversity of unrelated herbaceous plant taxa that are broadly co-distributed across the European Alpine System, representing different taxonomic levels, and having either Mediterranean or Asian affinities (i.e., Anthyllis montana, Pritzelago alpina, Globularia vs. Soldanella, and Primula sect. Auricula). Our observations highlight that all taxa investigated began to diversify at the beginning of the Pleistocen…
Typification and synonymization inPrimulasect.Auricula(Primulaceae)
2005
Supplementing a recent systematic study of Primula sect. Auricula, we here lectotypify or neotypify 27 names applicable to taxa in this section and the name of one related genus. These are P. auricula var. widmerae Pax, P. balbisii Lehm., P. ciliata Moretti, P. cottia Widmer, P. crenata Lam., P. oenensis Thomas ex Gremli, P. glaucescens Moretti, P. glutinosa Wulfen, P. integrifolia L., P. latifolia var. cynoglossifolia Widmer, P. laevigata Duby ex Rchb., P. longobarda Parta, P. lutea Vill., P. marginata Curtis, P. microcalyx Lehm., P. minima L., P. parlatorii Porta ex Caruel, P. villosa Wulfen, P. villosa var. daonensis Leyb., P. viscosa Vill., P. [unranked] Brevihracteae Widmer, P. [unrank…
Nomenclature ofSoldanellaL. (Primulaceae)
2004
Following a revision of Soldanella, we here synonymize 109 non-hybrid names of this genus. We also lectotypify or neotypify 17 names of Soldanella. These are S. alpina L., S. alpina F. W. Schmidt, S. alpina L. var. carestiae Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. alpina L. f. major Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. austriaca Vierh., S. carpatica Vierh., S. marmarossiensis Kldst., S. minima Hoppe, S. minima Hoppe subsp. samnitica Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. minima Hoppe f. latifolia Cristofolini et Pignatti, S. montana Mikan, S. montana Willd., S. montana Willd. subsp. faceta Kress, S. occidentalis Vierh., S. pusilla Baumg., S. pusilla Baumg. f. calcicola Vierh., and S. pusilla Baumg. var. chrysosplenifol…
Evolution, ecology and systematics of Soldanella (Primulaceae) in the southern Apennines (Italy)
2015
Background The populations of Soldanella (Primulaceae) of the southern Apennines (Italy) are unique within the genus for their distribution and ecology. Their highly fragmented distribution range, with three main metapopulations on some of the highest mountains (Gelbison, Sila and Aspromonte massifs) of the area, poses intriguing questions about their evolutionary history and biogeography, and about the possibility of local endemisms. Aims and methods In order to clarify the phylogeny and biogeography of the three metapopulations of Soldanella in the southern Apennines, attributed to S. calabrella to date, and to identify possible local endemisms, a comparative approach based on the study o…
The systematics of Soldanella (Primulaceae) based on morphological and molecular (ITS, AFLPs) evidence
2002
Based on the observation of more than 6300 herbarium specimens and molecular (ITS, AFLPs) evidence, Soldanella is divided into 16 species and four subspecies. Soldanella angusta, S. oreodoxa and S. rugosa are described as new, and the circumscriptions of S. marmarossiensis, S. major, S. pusilla ssp. pusilla and S. hungarica are emended. Nine hybrid names are lectotypified. All non-hybrid taxa are described in detail and distribution maps are provided. Interspecific relationships are discussed on the background of morphological and molecular variation.
Quaternary diversification in European alpine plants: pattern and process
2004
Molecular clock approaches applied previously to European alpine plants suggest that Primula sect. Auricula , Gentiana sect. Ciminalis and Soldanella diversified at the beginning of the Quaternary or well within this period, whereas Globularia had already started diversifying in the (Late–)Tertiary. In the first part of this paper we present evidence that, in contrast to Globularia and Soldanella , the branching patterns of the molecular internal transcribed spacer phylogenies of both Primula and Gentiana are incompatible with a constant–rates birth–death model. In both of these last two taxa, speciation probably decreased through Quaternary times, perhaps because of some niche–filling pro…