Search results for "Principle"

Static and dynamic properties of supercooled thin polymer films

2004

The dynamic and static properties of a supercooled (non-entangled) polymer melt are investigated via molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. The system is confined between two completely smooth and purely repulsive walls. The wall-to-wall separation (film thickness), D, is varied from about 3 to about 14 times the bulk radius of gyration. Despite the geometric confinement, the supercooled films exhibit many qualitative features which were also observed in the bulk and could be analyzed in terms of mode-coupling theory (MCT). Examples are the two-step relaxation of the incoherent intermediate scattering function, the time-temperature superposition property of the late time alpha-process and the…

Dynamical heterogeneities in glass-forming materials

1996

ABSTRACTCooperative dynamics around the glass transition leads to complex motional behavior of the individual molecules, resulting in non-exponential relaxation. The nature of this non-exponentiality is clarified theoretically as well as experimentally. The non-exponentiality may be due to heterogeneous relaxation (superposition of exponential processes with different rate constants) or homogeneous relaxation (identical intrinsically non-exponential processes). A precise definition of both limits is given. It is shown that the type of relaxation, i.e. to which degree heterogeneous and homogeneous contributions are present, reflects geometrical properties of the dynamics. The heterogeneous c…

The use of master curves to describe the simultaneous effect of cooling rate and pressure on polymer crystallization

2003

In a previous work a master-curve approach was applied to experimental density data to explain isotactic polypropylene (iPP) behaviour under pressure and high cooling rates. Suitable samples were prepared by solidification from the melt under various cooling rate and pressure conditions with the help of a special apparatus based on a modified injection moulding machine. The approach here reported is more general than the case study previously shown, and is suitable to be applied to several materials and for different measures related to crystalline content. The proposed simple model is able to predict successfully the final polymer properties (density, micro-hardness, crystallinity) by supe…

Critica della causa al servizio dell’adeguatezza in concreto del contratto. Il caso dell’assicurazione della responsabilità civile con copertura clai…

2019

The essay analyses civil liability insurance contracts based on claims made and the tormented evolution of the related jurisprudence. The Author criticizes the position of the jurisprudence, especially with reference to the recent judgment of the Sezioni Unite no.22437 of 2018. Upon examination of the reasons given to support the validity of this type of contract, the Author comes to the conclusion that the latter should be considered void in both versions: pure and impure claims made. Indeed, the claims made agreement drives the related contract beyond the area of the indemnity function, placing it firmly in the context of contracts with speculative cause. The examination then widens to th…

L’assicurazione della responsabilità civile su base claims made e la deformazione del giudizio sulla causa del contratto

2019

The essay analyses civil liability insurance contracts based on claims made and the tormented evolution of the related jurisprudence. The Author criticizes the position of the jurisprudence, especially with reference to the recent judgment of the Sezioni Unite no. 22437 of 2018. The examination widens to the reckless attempt of the Sezioni Unite to subordinate the validity of these contracts to a judgment of adequacy imbedded in the context of the judgment on the cause of the contractand destined, in case of negative outcome, to allow the judge to redetermine the content of the contract, using the remedy of partial nullity pursuant to Article 1419 of the civil code, in a rebalancing effort.

Italian approaches to self-determination: theory and practice

2015

Diffusion of digital culture: analysis of the Internet forum of a MOOC

2017

When MOOCs are increasing all over the world as a mean for improving the diffusion of culture and science, it is interesting to observe how those MOOCS build communities of knowledge, and which is the impact of those communities on the acquisition of knowledge. In this article, we present the principles of design of the MOOC Digital & Culture Writing that aims to spread digital culture. Then, we analyse the messages posted on forums by the related community, and the cognitive process to which they refer. Posts analysis reveals reflexivity processes when participants are writing on forums. It appears that reflexivity cognitive processes are at the heart of both social interaction and digital…

Family-Run Agricultural Holdings and the Environmental Challenges of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas – a Case Study of Research Conducted in O…

2021

An important aspect of modernization of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) after 2020 will be its ecological modification connected with the new institutional environment which is constituted jointly by the European Commission and individual states’ governments. The new regulations are supposed to encourage farmers to more effectively respect the requirements of the Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions (GAEC) and Statutory Management Requirements (SMR), but also to take on individual environmental commitments within the scope of eco-programs. This study aims to evaluate farmers’ readiness to introduce changes into their agricultural holdings, which result from the new system of …

Aksjologiczny wymiar Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

2018

This paper is an attempt to show the axiological dimension of the currently binding basie law, i.e. the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. The text of the constitution is a carrier of the values important to Poles, and it is predisposed to this by its specific content, a superior position in the hierarchy of normative acts and a high social authority. The information about the most important values is already provided by the constitutional introduction (preamble) - it includes the most important values of the entire community of the State expressis verbis. In terms of values, the author tries to read and interpret the general principles of the constitution (the constitutional p…

Systematic derivation of partial differential equations for second order boundary value problems

2022

Software systems designed to solve second order boundary value problems are typically restricted to hardwired lists of partial differential equations. In order to come up with more flexible systems, we introduce a systematic approach to find partial differential equations that result in eligible boundary value problems. This enables one to construct and combine one's own partial differential equations instead of choosing those from a pre-given list. This expands significantly end users possibilities to employ boundary value problems in modeling. To introduce the main ideas we employ differential geometry to examine the mathematical structure involved in second order boundary value problems …