Search results for "Probability"
showing 10 items of 3417 documents
Process understanding of a wastewater batch reactor with block-wise PLS
2007
In this work a systematic methodology ‘block-wise PLS’ has been applied to thoroughly analyse data from a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) operated for biological phosphorus removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to diagnose process variables (collected by the inexpensive and low-maintenance sensors installed in the SBR) likely related to the main key indicator of process performance: the phosphorus removal efficiency (PRE), determined off-line in the quality control laboratory. In this way, it is intended to aid the process operators in the detection of abnormal values of these critical variables which would indicate undesirable process performance, so that, they could act on the…
New adaptive synchronization algorithm for a general class of complex hyperchaotic systems with unknown parameters and its application to secure comm…
2022
Abstract The aim of this report is to investigate an adaptive synchronization (AS) for the general class of complex hyperchaotic models with unknown parameters and a new algorithm to achieve this type of synchronization is proposed. Owing to the intricacy behavior of hyperchaotic models that could be effective in secure communications, the special control based on adaptive laws of parameters is constructed analytically, and the corresponding simulated results are performed to validate the algorithm’s accuracy. The complex Rabinovich model is utilized as an enticing example to examine the proposed synchronization technique. A strategy for secure communication improving the overall cryptosyst…
Language does not modulate fake news credibility, but emotion does
2020
Abstract The proliferation of fake news in internet requires understanding which factors modulate their credibility and take actions to limit their impact. A number of recent studies have shown an effect of the foreign language when making decisions: reading in a foreign language engages a more rational, analytic mode of thinking (Costa et al., 2014, Cognition). This analytic mode of processing may lead to a decrease in the credibility of fake news. Here we conducted two experiments to examine whether fake news stories presented to university students were more credible in the native language than in a foreign language. Bayesian analyses in both experiments offered support for the hypothesi…
What subject matter questions motivate the use of machine learning approaches compared to statistical models for probability prediction?
2014
This is a discussion of the following papers: "Probability estimation with machine learning methods for dichotomous and multicategory outcome: Theory" by Jochen Kruppa, Yufeng Liu, Gerard Biau, Michael Kohler, Inke R. Konig, James D. Malley, and Andreas Ziegler; and "Probability estimation with machine learning methods for dichotomous and multicategory outcome: Applications" by Jochen Kruppa, Yufeng Liu, Hans-Christian Diener, Theresa Holste, Christian Weimar, Inke R. Konig, and Andreas Ziegler.
On the problem of finding a suitable distribution of students to universities in Germany
2009
For many years, the problem of how to distribute students to the various universities in Germany according to the preferences of the students has remained unsolved. Various approaches, like the centralized method to let a central agency organize the distribution to the various universities or the decentralized method to let the students apply directly at their preferred universities, turned out to lead to a significant fraction of frustrated students ending up at universities not being on their preference list or even not having a place to study at all. With our centralized approach, we are able to decrease the fraction of frustrated students as well as the bureaucratic expenses for applica…
Nucleation phenomena in polymeric systems
1995
Materials formed from long flexible macromolecules differ from their small-molecule analogs, because corresponding collective length scales are distinctly larger and many dynamical phenomena are very much slower; in addition, the variation of chain length N yields a control parameter that leaves intermolecular forces invariant, but allows a stringent test of theories. These concepts are exemplified in a discussion of nucleation barriers for symmetrical polymer (A, B)-mixtures (chain lengths NA = NB = N) near the critical temperature Tc, and for symmetrical block copolymers near the (fluctuation-induced) first order transition between the disordered melt and the lamellar mesophase. While in …
Monte Carlo simulation of the glass transition in three-dimensional dense polymer melts
1993
Abstract We determine the incoherent intermediate scattering function φsq(t) for a three-dimensional dense polymer melt. This function shows the signature of a two-step process which was quantitatively compared to the idealized mode coupling theory (MCT) within the β-relaxation regime. A major result of this analysis is that the studied temperature interval splits in a high temperature part, where the idealized theory describes φsq(t) over about three decades in time, and a low temperature part, where it strongly overestimates the freezing tendency of the melt. Since one can qualitatively attribute this discrepancy between the idealized MCT and the simulation data to hopping processes, the …
Aging effects in glassy polymers: a Monte Carlo study
1996
Abstract By means of dynamic Monte Carlo simulation the physical aging of a glassy polymer melt is studied. The melt is simulated by a coarse-grained lattice model, the bond-fluctuation model, on a simple cubic lattice. In order to generate glassy freezing an energy is associated with long bonds, which leads to a competition between the energetically favored bond stretching and the local density of the melt at low temperatures. The development of this competition during the cooling process strongly slows down the structural relaxation and makes the melt freeze in an amorphous structure as soon as the internal relaxation time matches the time scale of the cooling rate. Therefore the model ex…
Structural and dynamical characterization of melt PEO–salt mixtures
2002
Abstract Salt doped poly ethylene oxide (PEO) mixtures were investigated by means of both small angle neutron scattering and QENS techniques aiming to characterize morphological and dynamical features in the melt state. These experimental evidences provide support to the proposed heterogeneous scenario for polymer electrolytes. In particular, the existence of PEO–cation complexes is proposed to play a major role in intramolecular cooperation and intermolecular transient crosslinks, which affects the mixture properties.
Monte Carlo simulation of polymers at interfaces
1993
Abstract Polymers at interfaces pose challenging problems to statistical physics because their configurations often differ greatly from the bulk. Computer simulation of coarse-grained models then gives valuable insight and allows stringent tests of various theoretical predictions. Three examples are briefly treated: chain configurations of B-chains in the surface-enriched B-rich layer of an (AB) binary polymer mixture; “frustrated” lamellar ordering in ultra-thin block-copolymer films; and the collapse of polymer brushes in bad solvents.