Search results for "Probability"
showing 10 items of 3417 documents
Assessment of Modelling Structure and Data Availability Influence on Urban Flood Damage Modelling Uncertainty
2014
Abstract In modelling application, different model structures may be equally reliable in terms of calibration ability but they may produce different uncertainty levels; moreover, available data during model calibration may influence the uncertainty linked to the predictions of the same modelling structure. In the present paper, Bayesian model-averaging was applied to several flood damage estimation models in order to identify the best model combination for urban flooding distribution analysis in Palermo city center (Italy). During the analysis, was taken into account the effect of the available data growth on the model uncertainty with respect to the different combination of models outputs.
Comparing fMRI inter-subject correlations between groups using permutation tests
2018
AbstractInter-subject correlation (ISC) based analysis is a conceptually simple approach to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquired under naturalistic stimuli such as a movie. We describe and validate the statistical approaches for comparing ISCs between two groups of subjects implemented in the ISC toolbox, which is an open source software package for ISC-based analysis of fMRI data. The approaches are based on permutation tests. We validated the approaches using five different data sets from the ICBM functional reference battery tasks. First, we created five null datasets (one for each task) by dividing the subjects into two matched groups and assumed that no gr…
θ0 thermal Josephson junction
2017
We predict the thermal counterpart of the anomalous Josephson effect in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor junctions with non-coplanar magnetic texture. The heat current through the junction is shown to have the phase-sensitive interference component proportional to $\cos(\theta - \theta_0)$, where $\theta$ is the Josephson phase difference and $\theta_0$ is the texture-dependent phase shift. In the generic tri-layer magnetic structure with the spin-filtering tunnel barrier $\theta_0$ is determined by the spin chirality of magnetic configuration and can be considered as the direct manifestation of the energy transport with participation of spin-triplet Cooper pairs. In case of the id…
Superconductivity in the Heusler Family of Intermetallics
2012
Several physical properties of the superconducting Heusler compounds, focusing on two systems (Y, Lu, Sc)Pd2Sn and APd2M, where A=Hf, Zr and M=Al, In, are summarized and compared. The analysis of the data shows the importance of the electron-phonon coupling for superconductivity in this family. We report the superconducting parameters of YPd2Sn, which has the highest Tc among all known Heusler superconductors.
Energy dependence of the electron-boson coupling strength in the electron-doped cuprate superconductor Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4−δ
2017
In the conventional theory of superconductivity the critical temperature Tc is determined by the electron-phonon coupling constant and the phonon cut-off frequency. The hallmark experiments of McMillan and Rowell demonstrated that bosons (phonons) responsible for pairing can be observed through the frequency dependence of the gap parameter. Determination of the electron-boson coupling strength in high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates is, however, not an easy task. One of the promising ways is to measure the energy relaxation rate of photoexcited carriers by using femtosecond real-time techniques. Here, considering the electron relaxation process within the conduction band, it is commonly assumed that the…
Classification and Automated Interpretation of Spinal Posture Data Using a Pathology-Independent Classifier and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (…
2021
Clinical classification models are mostly pathology-dependent and, thus, are only able to detect pathologies they have been trained for. Research is needed regarding pathology-independent classifiers and their interpretation. Hence, our aim is to develop a pathology-independent classifier that provides prediction probabilities and explanations of the classification decisions. Spinal posture data of healthy subjects and various pathologies (back pain, spinal fusion, osteoarthritis), as well as synthetic data, were used for modeling. A one-class support vector machine was used as a pathology-independent classifier. The outputs were transformed into a probability distribution according to Plat…
Size and shape effects on the thermodynamic properties of nanoscale volumes of water
2017
Small systems are known to deviate from the classical thermodynamic description, among other things due to their large surface area to volume ratio compared to corresponding big systems. As a consequence, extensive thermodynamic properties are no longer proportional to the volume, but are instead higher order functions of size and shape. We investigate such functions for second moments of probability distributions of fluctuating properties in the grand-canonical ensemble, focusing specifically on the volume and surface terms of Hadwiger's theorem, explained in Klain, Mathematika, 1995, 42, 329–339. We resolve the shape dependence of the surface term and show, using Hill's nanothermodynamics…
Electronic structure and thermodynamic stability of double-layeredSrTiO3(001)surfaces:Ab initiosimulations
2007
Using the B3PW hybrid exchange-correlation functional within density-functional theory and employing Gaussian-type basis sets, we calculated the atomic and electronic structures and thermodynamic stability of three double-layered (DL) SrTiO3(001) surfaces: (i) SrO-terminated, (ii) TiO2-terminated, and (iii) (2×1) reconstruction of TiO2-terminated SrTiO3(001) recently suggested by Erdman et al. [Nature (London) 419, 55 (2002)]. A thermodynamic stability diagram obtained from first-principles calculations shows that regular TiO2- and SrO-terminated surfaces are the most stable. The stability regions of (2×1) DL TiO2- and DL SrO-terminated surfaces lie beyond the precipitation lines of SrO and…
Critical behavior of the surface-layer magnetization at the extraordinary transition in the three-dimensional Ising model.
1990
We have used a vectorized multispin-coding Monte Carlo method to determine the behavior of the surface-layer magnetization ${\mathit{m}}_{1}$ at the bulk transition in a simple-cubic Ising film with strongly enhanced surface coupling, i.e., at the extraordinary transition. In contrast to recent renormalization-group calculations we find no evidence for a discontinuous slope in the temperature dependence of ${\mathit{m}}_{1}$; the data are consistent with a free-energy-like (T-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$${)}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ behavior plus background terms.
Global Synchronization via Homogeneous Nucleation in Oscillating Surface Reactions
1999
The mechanism leading to globally synchronized oscillations in the $\mathrm{CO}+{\mathrm{O}}_{2}/\mathrm{Pt}\left(110\right)$ reaction system is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The model considers the reconstruction of the surface via phase border propagation and spontaneous phase nucleation. The reason for global oscillations turns out to be the spontaneous phase nucleation. This nucleation, which is modeled as a weak noise process, results in a random creation of dynamic defects and leads to global synchronization via stochastic resonance. The mechanism of global coupling via the gas phase, as it is proposed to date, does not occur.