Search results for "Probability"
showing 10 items of 3417 documents
Food Security Is None Of Your Business? Food Supply Chain Management In Support Of A Sustainable Food System
2017
Food security is the principal outcome of any given food system and it can be defined in terms of a sustainable food system where the core goal is to feed everyone sustainably, equitably and healthily. A sustainable food system addresses needs for availability, affordability and accessibility, is diverse, ecologically-sound and resilient, and builds the capabilities and skills necessary for future generations. This paper identifies the essential elements of food supply chain management in support of a sustainable food system, which ultimately enhances food security. The existing food supply chain and food system literature is synthesized in order to study the correspondence between public i…
Item Response Trees: a recommended method for analyzing categorical data in behavioral studies
2015
Behavioral data are notable for presenting challenges to their statistical analysis, often due to the difficulties in measuring behavior on a quantitative scale. Instead, a range of qualitative alternative responses is recorded. These can often be understood as the outcome of a sequence of binary decisions. For example, faced by a predator, an individual may decide to flee or stay. If it stays, it may decide to freeze or display a threat and if it displays a threat, it may choose from several alternative forms of display. Here we argue that instead of being analyzed using traditional nonparametric statistics or a series of separate analyses split by response categories, this kind of data ca…
Determination of intrinsic scatter in lifetimes of carbon fibre epoxy pressure vessels in view of defining fundamental safety factors
2011
International audience
Inherent information in the prices of options
2018
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo analizar el contenido informacional de los precios observados de las opciones. En este caso particular, teniendo diferentes opciones sobre el mismo subyacente y con la misma fecha de vencimiento, podemos obtener información sobre la función de densidad neutral al riesgo (RND). Éstas son las densidades con las que los agentes valoran los activos derivados, y en definitiva cómo ponen precio a unidades de consumo en diferentes estados de la naturaleza futuros. Esta información implícita en el precio de las opciones es considerada información forward-looking (con miras al futuro). Esta tesis consta de tres capítulos enfocados a analizar diferentes aspectos de los …
Central limit theorem for bifurcating Markov chains under L 2 -ergodic conditions
2021
Bifurcating Markov chains (BMC) are Markov chains indexed by a full binary tree representing the evolution of a trait along a population where each individual has two children. We provide a central limit theorem for additive functionals of BMC under L 2-ergodic conditions with three different regimes. This completes the pointwise approach developed in a previous work. As application, we study the elementary case of symmetric bifurcating autoregressive process, which justify the non-trivial hypothesis considered on the kernel transition of the BMC. We illustrate in this example the phase transition observed in the fluctuations.
Observation of the rare B(s)(0) + decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data.
2015
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported licence.-- et al.
Estimating finite mixtures of semi-Markov chains: an application to the segmentation of temporal sensory data
2019
Summary In food science, it is of great interest to obtain information about the temporal perception of aliments to create new products, to modify existing products or more generally to understand the mechanisms of perception. Temporal dominance of sensations is a technique to measure temporal perception which consists in choosing sequentially attributes describing a food product over tasting. This work introduces new statistical models based on finite mixtures of semi-Markov chains to describe data collected with the temporal dominance of sensations protocol, allowing different temporal perceptions for a same product within a population. The identifiability of the parameters of such mixtur…
Some results on generalized coherence of conditional probability bounds
2003
Based on the coherence principle of de Finetti and a related notion of generalized coherence (g-coherence), we adopt a probabilistic approach to uncertainty based on conditional probability bounds. Our notion of g-coherence is equivalent to the 'avoiding uniform loss' property for lower and upper probabilities (a la Walley). Moreover, given a g-coherent imprecise assessment by our algorithms we can correct it obtaining the associated coherent assessment (in the sense of Walley and Williams). As is well known, the problems of checking g-coherence and propagating tight g-coherent intervals are NP and FP^NP complete, respectively, and thus NP-hard. Two notions which may be helpful to reduce co…
The interplay between cooperativity and diversity in model threshold ensembles
2014
The interplay between cooperativity and diversity is crucial for biological ensembles because single molecule experiments show a significant degree of heterogeneity and also for artificial nanostructures because of the high individual variability characteristic of nanoscale units. We study the cross-effects between cooperativity and diversity in model threshold ensembles composed of individually different units that show a cooperative behaviour. The units are modelled as statistical distributions of parameters (the individual threshold potentials here) characterized by central and width distribution values. The simulations show that the interplay between cooperativity and diversity results …
Sound Event Envelope Estimation in Polyphonic Mixtures
2019
Sound event detection is the task of identifying automatically the presence and temporal boundaries of sound events within an input audio stream. In the last years, deep learning methods have established themselves as the state-of-the-art approach for the task, using binary indicators during training to denote whether an event is active or inactive. However, such binary activity indicators do not fully describe the events, and estimating the envelope of the sounds could provide more precise modeling of their activity. This paper proposes to estimate the amplitude envelopes of target sound event classes in polyphonic mixtures. For training, we use the amplitude envelopes of the target sounds…