Search results for "Probability"
showing 10 items of 3417 documents
Human T cells in silico: Modelling their electrophysiological behaviour in health and disease
2016
Although various types of ion channels are known to have an impact on human T cell effector functions, their exact mechanisms of influence are still poorly understood. The patch clamp technique is a well-established method for the investigation of ion channels in neurons and T cells. However, small cell sizes and limited selectivity of pharmacological blockers restrict the value of this experimental approach. Building a realistic T cell computer model therefore can help to overcome these kinds of limitations as well as reduce the overall experimental effort. The computer model introduced here was fed off ion channel parameters from literature and new experimental data. It is capable of simu…
Deformation and mixing of coexisting shapes in neutron-deficient polonium isotopes
2015
Coulomb-excitation experiments are performed with postaccelerated beams of neutron-deficient Po196,198,200,202 isotopes at the REX-ISOLDE facility. A set of matrix elements, coupling the low-lying states in these isotopes, is extracted. In the two heaviest isotopes, Po200,202, the transitional and diagonal matrix elements of the 2+1 state are determined. In Po196,198 multistep Coulomb excitation is observed, populating the 4+1,0+2, and 2+2 states. The experimental results are compared to the results from the measurement of mean-square charge radii in polonium isotopes, confirming the onset of deformation from Po196 onwards. Three model descriptions are used to compare to the data. Calculati…
Measuring Observable Quantum Contextuality
2016
Contextuality is a central property in comparative analysis of classical, quantum, and supercorrelated systems. We examine and compare two well-motivated approaches to contextuality. One approach (“contextuality-by-default”) is based on the idea that one and the same physical property measured under different conditions (contexts) is represented by different random variables. The other approach is based on the idea that while a physical property is represented by a single random variable irrespective of its context, the joint distributions of the random variables describing the system can involve negative (quasi-)probabilities. We show that in the Leggett-Garg and EPR-Bell systems, the two …
Examination of robust D-stability of TCP-DCR protocol
2012
This paper presents non-linear mathematical model of a computer network with a part of wireless network. The article contains an analysis of the stability of the network based on TCP-DCR, which is a modification of the traditional TCP. Block diagram of the network model was converted to a form in order to investigate the D-stability using the method of the space of uncertain parameters. Robust D-stability is calculated for constant delays values.
Statistical methods for spatial cluster detection in childhood cancer incidence : A simulation study
2021
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The potential existence of spatial clusters in childhood cancer incidence is a debated topic. Identification of such clusters may help to better understand etiology and develop preventive strategies. We evaluated widely used statistical approaches to cluster detection in this context.; METHODS: Incidence of newly diagnosed childhood cancer (140/1,000,000 children under 15 years) and nephroblastoma (7/1,000,000) was simulated. Clusters of defined size (1-50) were randomly assembled on the district level in Germany. Each cluster was simulated with different relative risk levels (1-100). For each combination 2000 iterations were done. Simulated data was then analyzed …
A Novel Radiotherapeutic Approach to Treat Bulky Metastases Even From Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Its Rationale and a Look at the Reliability …
2022
IntroductionMetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a very rare condition. The lack of definition of an oligometastatic subgroup means that there is no consensus for its treatment, unlike the mucosal head and neck counterpart. Like the latter, the cutaneous form is able to develop bulky tumor masses. When this happens, the classic care approach is just for palliative intent due to a likely unfavorable benefit–risk balance typical of aggressive treatments. Here we proposed a novel radiotherapy (RT) technique to treat bulky metastases from cSCC in the context of an overall limited tumor burden and tried to explain its clinical outcome by the currently available mathematical rad…
Spatial cumulant models enable spatially informed treatment strategies and analysis of local interactions in cancer systems
2023
AbstractTheoretical and applied cancer studies that use individual-based models (IBMs) have been limited by the lack of a mathematical formulation that enables rigorous analysis of these models. However, spatial cumulant models (SCMs), which have arisen from theoretical ecology, describe population dynamics generated by a specific family of IBMs, namely spatio-temporal point processes (STPPs). SCMs are spatially resolved population models formulated by a system of differential equations that approximate the dynamics of two STPP-generated summary statistics: first-order spatial cumulants (densities), and second-order spatial cumulants (spatial covariances).We exemplify how SCMs can be used i…
Counting statistics for electron capture in a dynamic quantum dot
2012
We report non-invasive single-charge detection of the full probability distribution $P_n$ of the initialization of a quantum dot with $n$ electrons for rapid decoupling from an electron reservoir. We analyze the data in the context of a model for sequential tunneling pinch-off, which has generic solutions corresponding to two opposing mechanisms. One limit considers sequential "freeze out" of an adiabatically evolving grand canonical distribution, the other one is an athermal limit equivalent to the solution of a generalized decay cascade model. We identify the athermal capturing mechanism in our sample, testifying to the high precision of our combined theoretical and experimental methods. …
CLASSIFICATION THEORY FOR PHASE TRANSITIONS
1993
A refined classification theory for phase transitions in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in terms of their orders is introduced and analyzed. The refined thermodynamic classification is based on two independent generalizations of Ehrenfests traditional classification scheme. The statistical mechanical classification theory is based on generalized limit theorems for sums of random variables from probability theory and the newly defined block ensemble limit. The block ensemble limit combines thermodynamic and scaling limits and is similar to the finite size scaling limit. The statistical classification scheme allows for the first time a derivation of finite size scaling without reno…
Evaluación de las tarifas de las pensiones de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales (2011-2015)
2017
Este trabajo analiza si las tarifas que se aplican para la determinación del denominado capital coste de pensiones derivadas de los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales son las adecuadas. A partir de los datos de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales y de la evolución de la longevidad de la población general en España, se estiman tablas de mortalidad para las contingencias de viudedad e invalidez que, combinadas con los parámetros económicos y financieros apropiados, permiten construir las bases técnicas actuarialmente justas para cada uno de los años objeto de análisis. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que las tarifas aplicadas en el periodo 2011- 2014 han sido muy superior…