Search results for "Process"

MicroRNAs: Promising New Antiangiogenic Targets in Cancer

2014

[EN] MicroRNAs are one class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length; they are very numerous, have been phylogenetically conserved, and involved in biological processes such as development, differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. MicroRNAs contribute to modulating the expression levels of specific proteins based on sequence complementarity with their target mRNA molecules and so they play a key role in both health and disease. Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation from preexisting ones, which is particularly relevant to cancer and its progression. Over the last few years, microRNAs have emerged as critical regulat…

Neocortical Layer 6B as a Remnant of the Subplate - A Morphological Comparison.

2015

The fate of the subplate (SP) is still a matter of debate. The SP and layer 6 (which is ontogenetically the oldest and innermost neocortical lamina) develop coincidentally. Yet, the function of sublamina 6B is largely unknown. It has been suggested that it consists partly of neurons from the transient SP, however, experimental evidence for this hypothesis is still missing. To obtain first insights into the neuronal complement of layer 6B in the somatosensory rat barrel cortex, we used biocytin stainings of SP neurons (aged 0-4 postnatal days, PND) and layer 6B neurons (PND 11-35) obtained during in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Neurons were reconstructed for a quantitative charac…

Increased adhesion and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes to endothelial cells under heavy metal exposure in vitro.

1994

Heavy metals have been implicated in the mechanisms of endothelial damage. Influences of heavy metal ions on diverse cell types have been studied using a variety of in vitro and in vivo methods. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMNs) have physiological and pathological functions, including the modulation of adhesion to and destruction of endothelial cells (ECs). PMNs were studied during interaction with human umbilical vein ECs under exposure to zinc, nickel and cobalt using an in vitro model. We studied adhesion processes with the help of a computer-controlled image-analyzing system and examined the activation of PMNs by quantification of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. The biphas…

Subcellular targeting of multiligand-binding protein gC1qR.

1999

Abstract gC1q receptor, a protein originally described as the cell surface receptor for the globular heads of complement factor C1q, has been found to bind human H-kininogen with high affinity and specificity. Therefore, gC1qR has been considered candidate kininogen docking site on the surfaces of platelets, neutrophils and endothelial cells. Recent work demonstrating that gC1qR is an intracellular protein that is tightly associated with mitochondria rather than targeted to the cell surface has challenged this view. To further probe cellular trafficking routes of gC1qR, we overexpressed human gC1qR in a mammalian cell and monitored cell surface exposure of recombinant gC1qR by virtue of its…

Erratum to “Neuroproteomics in the auditory brainstem: Candidate proteins for ultrafast and precise information processing” [Mol. Cell. Neurosci. (64…

2015

GTVcut for neuro-radiosurgery treatment planning: an MRI brain cancer seeded image segmentation method based on a cellular automata model

2018

Despite of the development of advanced segmentation techniques, achieving accurate and reproducible gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation results is still an important challenge in neuro-radiosurgery. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most prominent modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts. Gamma Knife stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a minimally invasive technology for dealing with inaccessible or insufficiently treated tumors with traditional surgery or radiotherapy. During a treatment planning phase, the GTV is generally contoured by experienced neurosurgeons and radiation oncologists using fully manual segmentation procedures on MR images. Unf…

Constraint Cellular Automata for Urban Development Simulation: An Application to the Strasbourg-Kehl Cross-Border Area

2017

AcknowledgementsThe research presented in this chapter is part of the Smart. Boundary project supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche in Luxembourg and CNRS in France (ref. INTER/CNRS/12/02). The authors would like also to thank the Grasp Program of LISER for allowing cross-collaboration between the two teams based in Luxembourg and France.; International audience; Urban sprawl and space consumption have become key issues in sustainable territorial development. Traditional planning approaches are often insufficient to anticipate their complex spatial consequences, especially in cross-border areas. Such complexity requires the use of dynamic spatial simulations and the development of…

Symmetric expansion of neural stem cells from the adult olfactory bulb is driven by astrocytes via WNT7A.

2012

Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) persistently produce new neurons destined to the olfactory bulb (OB). Recent research suggests that the OB is also a source of NSCs that remains largely unexplored. Using single/dual-labeling procedures, we address the existence of NSCs in the innermost layers of the OB. In vivo, these cells are more quiescent that their SVZ counterparts, but after in vitro expansion, they behave similarly. Self-renewal and proliferation assays in co-culture with niche astrocytes indicate that OB-glia restricts NSC activity whereas SVZ-glia has the opposite effect. Gene expression profiling identifies WNT7A as a key SVZ-glial factor lac…

Studies on mechanism and physico-chemical parameters at the origin of the cement setting. I. The fundamental processes involved during the cement set…

1995

Abstract The mechanical evolution and the structure of the cement paste have been analysed in relation with the chemical evolution of the system. The setting process can be described as following two fundamental steps: the coagulation of cement grains during the first minutes following the mixing, and the rigidification of the coagulated structure which arises simultaneously with the acceleration of the hydrates formation During the coagulation step, the structure formed is proved to be mechanically reversible. The rigidification of the coagulated structure is provided by the hydrates formation in the contact zone. The increase of the paste cohesion at this stage is proportional to the quan…

Changes in Cement Paste and Mortar Fluidity after mixing induced by PCP: A parametric study

2006

International audience; The interaction mechanism between polycarboxylate-type superplasticizer (PCP) and cement hydration is not fully understood and incompatibilities between concrete and additive are sometimes observed. In some cases, the fluidity tends to increase (“overfluidification”) few minutes after mixing. This is a problem because the overfluidification leds to bleeding of the concrete which could be critical on job site. Our study consisted first in highlighting the phenomenon of “over-fluidification” by slump flow tests on mortar. Next, the time evolution of the rheological behaviour of cement pastes in the presence of PCP was analysed thanks to a rheometry protocol in order to…