Search results for "Processe"

Sexual dimorphism in the vertebral wedging of the human lumbar vertebrae and its importance as a comparative framework for understanding the wedging …

2020

Lumbar lordosis is a key element of the upright posture, being interpreted as a consequence of bipedal locomotion. There is consensus that the generic modern human pattern of metameric vertebral body wedging is sexually dimorphic in modern humans. However, recently published studies have compared this pattern with other hominins, such as Neanderthals. These tried to establish whether the (male) Neanderthal lumbar vertebrae express a pattern that falls within or outside the range of modern human males. In the present study, data collected by 3D landmarks of the lumbar vertebrae of modern humans from different geographic regions and Neanderthals (Ntotal = 505 individual vertebrae) are used to…

Influence of the Screw Positioning on the Stability of Locking Plate for Proximal Tibial Fractures: A Numerical Approach

2020

Tibial fractures are common injuries in people. The proper treatment of these fractures is important in order to recover complete mobility. The aim of this work was to investigate if screw positioning in plates for proximal tibial fractures can affect the stability of the system, and if it can consequently influence the patient healing time. In fact, a more stable construct could allow the reduction of the non-weight-bearing period and consequently speed up the healing process. For that purpose, virtual models of fractured bone/plate assemblies were created, and numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the reaction forces and the maximum value of the contact pressure at the screw/bo…

Hippocampal event-related potentials to pitch deviances in an auditory oddball situation in the cat: experiment I.

1995

Hippocampal event-related potentials (ERP) in the areas CA1, CA3, and dentate fascia (Df) were recorded in cats during an oddball situation when pitch deviant tones occurred in a series of standard tones. When difference waves were calculated by subtracting ERPs to the standard tones from those to the deviant tones, no clear N40d, corresponding to a cat analogue of the human mismatch negativity (MMN) observed in earlier studies, could be detected. Instead, a prominent later negativity (N130d) was observed. A possible extra-hippocampal source of the process reflected by the MMN-like negativity, and a relation between an orienting response (OR) and the N130d are discussed.

Endocannabinoid Role in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning

2009

Endocannabinoids have recently emerged as versatile modulators of synaptic transmission and can act as retrograde neurotransmitters. As they cannot be stored in synaptic vesicles, endocannabinoid signaling is believed to start ‘on-demand,’ via a stimulus-dependent synthesis from membranous precursors at the postsynaptic site. After synthesis, endocannabinoids bind presynaptically to cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, leading to a short- or long-term suppression of neurotransmitter release. CB1 receptors are present in a plethora of different synaptic connections in the brain. Electrophysiological and behavioral analyses of mutant mice lacking CB1 receptors and of pharmacologically treated …

Understanding "Islandness"

2023

Islandness is a contested concept, not just between disciplines but also cultures, entangled with what islands, island studies, and island identity are understood to be. The purpose of this article is to explore some of these different meanings, without necessarily unifying or reconciling them, with the aim of keeping multiple understandings of islandness in creative tension. We begin by considering islandness as smallness, recognizing that though many entry points into island studies relate to size in some way, what constitutes small is dependent on both context and worldview. Next, we consider islandness as culture, and the concept of island identity, which is expressed in varied forms. F…

Individual learning in the refinement of nest defence responses of the Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia)

2006

Community detection of seismic point processes

2022

In this paper, we combine robin and Local Indicators of Spatio-Temporal Association (LISTA) functions. robin is an R package to assess the robustness of the community structure of a network found by one or more methods to give indications about their reliability. We use it to propose a classification algorithm of events in a spatio-temporal point pattern, by means of the local second-order characteristics and the community detection procedure in network analysis. We demonstrate the proposed procedure on a real data analysis on seismic data.

Nuclear structure and neutrino-nucleus reactions at supernova energies

2015

Supernova-(anti-)neutrino–nucleus scattering is discussed with reference to neutral-current (NC) and charged-current (CC) processes in heavy stable nuclei. The Donnelly-Walecka method with the associated multipole expansion of the nucleonic current has been adopted as the basic framework in deriving the neutrino-nucleus scattering cross sections. The needed nuclear wave functions are computed by using the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) for the even-even target nuclei in the NC processes and the proton-neutron QRPA (pnQRPA) has been used to compute the CC processes for the mentioned nuclei. The wave functions of the stable odd-mass target nuclei have been obtained by the use…

Modeling foreign exchange market activity around macroeconomic news: Hawkes-process approach

2015

We present a Hawkes-model approach to the foreign exchange market in which the high-frequency price dynamics is affected by a self-exciting mechanism and an exogenous component, generated by the pre-announced arrival of macroeconomic news. By focusing on time windows around the news announcement, we find that the model is able to capture the increase of trading activity after the news, both when the news has a sizable effect on volatility and when this effect is negligible, either because the news in not important or because the announcement is in line with the forecast by analysts. We extend the model by considering noncausal effects, due to the fact that the existence of the news (but not…

Comparison of oxidoreductive enzyme activities in three coal tar creosote-contaminated soils

2019

This study used laboratory experiments to compare the effects of coal tar creosote on the activity of oxidoreductive enzymes in sandy loam, loamy sand and sandy clay loam soils. Different amounts of coal tar creosote were added to soil samples as follows: 0 (control), 2, 10 or 50 g kg–1 dry matter. The activity of soil dehydrogenases (DHAs), o-diphenol oxidase (o-DPO), catalase (CAT), nitrate reductase (NR) and peroxidases (POX) was determined. Contamination of soil with coal tar creosote affected oxidoreductase activity. Oxidoreductive enzyme activity following soil contamination with coal tar creosote was in the following order: DHAs > CAT > NR > POX > o-DPO in…