Search results for "Processes"

2014

Nonsimultaneous maskers can strongly impair performance in an auditory intensity discrimination task. Using methods of molecular psychophysics, we quantified the extent to which (1) a masker-induced impairment of the representation of target intensity (i.e., increase in internal noise) and (2) a systematic influence of the masker intensities on the decision variable contribute to these effects. In a two-interval intensity discrimination procedure, targets were presented in quiet, and combined with forward maskers. The lateralization of the maskers relative to the targets was varied via the interaural time difference. Intensity difference limens (DLs) were strongly elevated under forward mas…

Study and modulation of human cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

1998

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be applied in different paradigms to obtain a measure of various aspects of cortical excitability. These different TMS paradigms provide information about different neurotransmitter systems, enhance our understanding about the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions, and in the future may be helpful as a guide for pharmacological interventions. In addition, repetitive TMS (rTMS) modulates cortical excitability beyond the duration of the rTMS trains themselves. Depending on rTMS parameters, a lasting inhibition or facilitation of cortical excitability can be induced. These effects can be demonstrated neurophysiologically or by combining rTMS…

Chemokine Receptor-5Δ32 Mutation is No Risk Factor for Ischemic-Type Biliary Lesion in Liver Transplantation

2009

It has been shown that certain chemokine receptor polymorphisms may correspond to certain complications after organ transplantation. Ischemic-type biliary lesion (ITBL) encounters for major morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients. So far, the exact cause for ITBL remains unclear. Certain risk factors for the development of ITBL like donor age and cold ischemic time are well described. In a previous study, a 32-nucleotide deletion of the chemokine receptor-5Δ32 (CCR-5Δ32) was strongly associated with the incidence of ITBL in adult liver transplantation. This study re-evaluates the association of CCR-5Δ32 gene polymorphism and the incidence of ITBL. 169 patients were included i…

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in Germany: a Multi-Institutional Registry Study with Prospective Follow Up on 450…

2013

68 Ga-DOTATOC PET in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET). We specifically looked for incremental lesions, defined as lesions only observed on one modality even after extensive retrospective evaluation of the other modality. Methods: Twenty patients with a metastasized NET underwent 111 In-pentetreotide

Enhanced inhibitory control during re-engagement processing in badminton athletes : An event-related potential study

2019

Highlights • Reaction time and event-related potentials of inhibitory control were compared in badminton experts and nonathletes. • Badminton experts showed enhanced inhibitory control and more efficient neural mechanisms. • Badminton experts performed better inhibitory control processing in re-engagement. • The re-engagement processing better demonstrated altered brain activity in badminton experts.

Endocannabinoid anandamide mediates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

2013

Endocannabinoids are important regulators of organ homeostasis. Although their role in systemic vasculature has been extensively studied, their impact on pulmonary vessels remains less clear. Herein, we show that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) is a key mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)-dependent metabolites. This is underscored by the prominent vasoconstrictive effect of AEA on pulmonary arteries and strongly reduced HPV in FAAH(-/-) mice and wild-type mice upon pharmacological treatment with FAAH inhibitor URB597. In addition, mass spectrometry measurements revealed a clear increase of AEA and the FAAH-dependent metabolite arac…

Anger Weakens Behavioral Inhibition Selectively in Contact Athletes.

2018

Studies have increasingly found that the aggression level of contact athletes is higher than that of non-athletes. Given that higher aggression levels are associated with worse behavioral inhibition and that athletes show better behavioral inhibition than non-athletes, it is unclear why contact athletes would exhibit higher aggression levels. Emotion, especially anger, is an important factor in the generation of aggressive behavior, and anger has been shown to affect behavioral inhibition. Thus, the present study examined the influence of anger on behavioral inhibition in contact athletes. An implicit emotional Go/No-go task was used that contained 50 anger-associated words and 50 neutral w…

Patient Profiling Based on Spectral Clustering for an Enhanced Classification of Patients with Tension-Type Headache

2020

Profiling groups of patients in clusters can provide meaningful insights into the features of the population, thus helping to identify people at risk of chronification and the development of specific therapeutic strategies. Our aim was to determine if spectral clustering is able to distinguish subgroups (clusters) of tension-type headache (TTH) patients, identify the profile of each group, and argue about potential different therapeutic interventions. A total of 208 patients (n = 208) with TTH participated. Headache intensity, frequency, and duration were collected with a 4-week diary. Anxiety and depressive levels, headache-related burden, sleep quality, health-related quality of life, pre…

Precuneus and insular hypoactivation during cognitive processing in first-episode psychosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of fMRI studies

2020

Abstract Introduction The neural correlates of the cognitive dysfunction in first-episode psychosis (FEP) are still unclear. The present review and meta-analysis provide an update of the location of the abnormalities in the fMRI-measured brain response to cognitive processes in individuals with FEP. Methods Systematic review and voxel-based meta-analysis of cross-sectional fMRI studies comparing neural responses to cognitive tasks between individuals with FEP and healthy controls (HC) according to PRISMA guidelines. Results Twenty-six studies were included, comprising 598 individuals with FEP and 567 HC. Individual studies reported statistically significant hypoactivation in the dorsolatera…

Event‐related brain potentials to change in rapidly presented acoustic stimuli in newborns

1997

Event-related brain potentials of 28 newborns to pitch change were studied during quiet sleep under stimulus conditions that typically elicit mismatch negativity in adults. Rarely occurring deviant tones of 1100 Hz (probability 12%) were embedded among repeated standard tones of 1000 Hz in an oddball-sequence with an interstimulus interval of 425 ms. Two control conditions were also employed: In the first, the 1100-Hz stimulus was presented alone without the intervening standard stimuli, and in the second the deviant stimulus had a pitch of 1300 Hz. In all conditions the infrequent stimulus elicited in most newborns a slow positive deflection peaking at a latency of 250-350 ms. The response…