Search results for "Productivity"
showing 10 items of 618 documents
COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN LOCAL KNOWLEDGE AND INTERNATIONALIZATION IN REGIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
2006
Trade, foreign direct investment, and inter-regional R&D spillovers facilitate competition, the spread of knowledge, and the adoption of more advanced technologies, which in turn hastens total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The spread of these efficiency gains from internationalization requires a sufficient local knowledge to enable them to be adapted to the domestic productive environment. Thus, higher local knowledge and internationalization will lead to TFP growth, and the greater the complementarity between variables the higher the TFP growth. We test the complementarity hypothesis using Spanish regional data over the period 1980–1995 in which both regional local knowledge and intern…
The Impact of the Productivity Dispersion Across Employers on the Labor's Income Share
2016
In the present paper, I study the distribution of income across the factors of production within the canonical on-the-job search framework. I show that, by weakening the competition between employers, a mean-preserving spread of the employers' productivity distribution decreases the share of the production output that the workers receive. This result is particularly intriguing in light of the rising productivity dispersion and the declining labor share in many countries.
Contests with size effects
2006
In this paper we analyze the structure of contest equilibria with a variable number of individuals. First we analyze a situation where the total prize depends on the number of agents and where every single agent faces opportunity costs of investing in the contest. Second we analyze a situation where the agents face a trade-off between productive and appropriative investments. Here, the number of agents may also influence the productivity of productive investments. It turns out that both types of contests may lead to opposing results concerning the optimal number of individuals depending on the strength of size effects. Whereas in the former case individual utility is u-shaped when the numbe…
Examining Sources of Farmers’ Knowledge as a Premise Behind Realization of the Smart Village Conception. A Case Study of Opole Region
2019
The aim of the study is to point to the need of doing research on the system of agricultural knowledge and information as a premise behind realization of the conception of smart village in the territorial framework. Accepting the assumption that intelligent agriculture lies at the foundation of transformation of rural areas, the author indicates the role of the system of agricultural knowledge and information in the process of modernization of agricultural holdings. In the article, questionnaire-based survey research was used in relation to the sustainable development of agriculture in Opole Region. In order to assess the level of adaptation of agricultural holdings to economy based on know…
Ecological Efficiency of Voluntary Conservation of Boreal-Forest Biodiversity
2008
Current networks of protected areas are biased in many countries toward landscapes of low productivity. Voluntary conservation incentives have been suggested as a socially acceptable way to supplement existing networks with more productive, privately owned areas of high priority for nature conservation. The limited resources committed to nature conservation demand cost-efficiency. Efficiency, however, depends not only on costs incurred to society from alternative ways of maintaining biodiversity but also on ecological values that can be captured. We examined the ecological efficiency of the new market-based voluntary program to preserve forest habitats on private land in southwestern Finlan…
Estimation of recombinant protein production in Pichia pastoris base don a constraint-based model
2012
[EN] A previously validated constraint based model and possibilistic MFA have been used to design a simple estimator of protein production rate in Pichia pastoris cultures. A structured model of the yeast P. pastoris metabolism is used to predict the balance of key energetic equivalents such as ATP from available measurements, mainly substrate consumption, gases exchange rates and biomass specific growth. It has been shown that ATP flux can be related to biomass growth and protein productivity specific rates by linear regression. Cross-validation has been applied for robust parameter fitting on the basis of chemostat, steady-state experimental conditions. In this way, protein estimation can…
Search, Nash bargaining and rule-of-thumb consumers
2011
Abstract This paper analyses the effects of introducing two typical Keynesian features, namely rule-of-thumb (RoT) consumers and consumption habits, into a standard labour market search model. RoT consumers use the margin that hours and wage negotiation provides them to improve their lifetime utility, by narrowing the gap in utility with respect to Ricardian consumers. This margin for intertemporal optimisation has not been studied yet, because this class of restricted agents has been mainly used in models with no equilibrium unemployment. Our approach allows for a deeper study of the effects of shocks on vacancies, unemployment, hours, wages and how they interact. As habits increase, RoT c…
Biomass, litterfall and nutrient content in Castanea sativa coppice stands of southern Europe
1996
Les biomasses et les mineralomasses, les retombees de litiere et la restitution au sol de bioelements par leur intermediaire ont ete etudiees dans des peuplements de Castanea sativa Mill en Espagne (province de Salamanque), en Italie (massif de l'Etna) et en France (Cevennes). Les meilleurs correlations et resultats ont ete trouves avec des regressions allometriques de type: Y (biomasse) = aX (diametre tronc a 1,30 m) b . Les parametres des differentes equations de regression sont semblables et tres proches pour les châtaigniers de France et d'Italie. La principale source de differences, au niveau stationnel, resulte de la repartition differente des arbres en fonction des classes de diametr…
Labor Productivity Growth: Disentangling Technology and Capital Accumulation
2014
We adopt a counterfactual approach to decompose labor productivity growth into growth of Technological Productivity (TEP), growth of the capital-labor ratio and growth of Total Factor Productivity (TFP). We bring the decomposition to the data using international countrysectoral information spanning from the 1960s to the 2000s and a nonparametric generalized kernel method, which enables us to estimate the production function allowing for heterogeneity across all relevant dimensions: countries, sectors and time. As well as documenting substantial heterogeneity across countries and sectors, we nd average TEP to account for about 44% of labor productivity growth and TEP gaps with respect to the…
Use of NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data for environmental monitoring and crop forecasting in the Sahel. Preliminary results
1992
Abstract Several studies have shown that the NDVI calculated from NOAA-AVHRR data is related to annual rainfall and primary productivity in Sahelian areas. Such correlations, however, are affected by several environmental factors and have been tested only with data accumulated during rainy seasons, which is not ideal for the prediction of crop yield. In the present study a methodology of NOAA AVHRR data processing is presented which utilizes NDVI computed only in the first part of some rainy seasons and statistically takes into account the geographical variability in land resources and atmospheric conditions. From the first results of the application of the methodology in Niger, its potenti…