Search results for "Progression"
showing 10 items of 1251 documents
STAT3 activation: A key factor in tumor immunoescape.
2012
Cancer growth is controlled by cancer cells (cell intrinsic phenomenon), but also by the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (cell extrinsic phenomenon). Thus cancer progression is mediated by the activation of transcription programs responsible for cancer cell proliferation, but also induced proliferation/activation of immunosuppressive cells such as Th17, Treg or myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). One of the key transcription factors involved in these pathways is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In this review we will focus on STAT3 activation in immune cells, and how it impacts on tumor progression.
Molecular profile study of extracellular vesicles for the identification of useful small “hit” in cancer diagnosis
2021
Tumor-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the main mediators of cell-cell communication, permitting cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and metabolites in varying physiological and pathological conditions. They contain signature tumor-derived molecules that reflect the intracellular status of their cell of origin. Recent studies have shown that tumor cell-derived EVs can aid in cancer metastasis through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment, suppression of the immune system, pre-metastatic niche formation, and subsequent metastasis. EVs can easily be isolated from a variety of biological fluids, and their content makes them useful biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, monito…
DECORIN EFFECTS ON PROTEOMIC PROFILING OF BREAST CANCER CELLS: AN UPDATED STUDY
2015
The malignant carcinomas are characterized by several capabilities acquired by the neoplastic cells, among which the ability to invade the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to establish a crosstalk with several ECM components. Under this respect, the extracellular microenvironment is an entity extraordinarily rich of information with opposite signals. Our group has long undertaken the study of the effects of ECM molecules on the behavior of cancer cells in vitro. Among the studied molecules, the decorin was found to exert a non-permissive effect on the growth and motility of the transfected tumor cells. The decorin, belongs to the family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) and is involv…
The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism
2014
Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) is caused by Graves' disease, autonomously functioning thyroid nodules and multinodular goitre. Its diagnosis is based on a persistently subnormal serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with free thyroid hormone levels within their respective reference intervals. In 2014 the European Thyroid Association Executive Committee, given the controversies regarding the treatment of Endo SHyper, formed a task force to develop clinical practice guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The task force recognized that recent meta-analyses, including those based on large prospective cohort studies, indicate that SHyper is associ…
Extranodal extension in N1-adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and papilla of Vater: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prognostic significance
2016
The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) of lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) and papilla [cancer of the papilla of Vater (CPV)]. A PubMed and SCOPUS search from database inception until 5 January 2015 without language restrictions was conducted. Eligible were prospective studies reporting data on prognostic parameters in individuals with PDAC and/or CPV, comparing participants with the presence of ENE (ENE +) with those with intranodal extension (ENE). Data were summarized using risk ratios for number of deaths/recurrences and hazard ratios for time-dependent risk related to ENE+, adjusted for potential confounde…
Effect of aspirin on renal disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. T…
2017
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. It has been estimated that the annual decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among patients with T2DM is approximately 2.0-2.5 mL min−1 y−1. Cyclooxygenase-dependent eicosanoids, such as 11-dehydro-thromboxane (Tx)B2, are increased in T2DM patients and are potentially involved in the regulation of renal blood flow. Animal models showed that cyclooxygenase inhibitors, such as aspirin, are associated with improvements in renal plasma flow and eGFR values. Hypothesis The primary end point of the LEDA trial is to evaluate the 1-year decline of eGFR in T2DM pa…
Epigenetic activation of a cryptic TBC1D16 transcript enhances melanoma progression by targeting EGFR
2015
Metastasis is respoMetastasis is responsible for most cancer-related deaths, and, among common tumor types, melanoma is one with great potential to metastasize. Here we study the contribution of epigenetic changes to the dissemination process by analyzing the changes that occur at the DNA methylation level between primary cancer cells and metastases. We found a hypomethylation event that reactivates a cryptic transcript of the Rab GTPase activating protein TBC1D16 (TBC1D16-47 kDa; referred to hereafter as TBC1D16-47KD) to be a characteristic feature of the metastatic cascade. This short isoform of TBC1D16 exacerbates melanoma growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. By combining imm…
TGFβ-induced EMT requires focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling
2007
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process, occurring both during development and tumor progression, by which an epithelial cell undergoes a conversion to a mesenchymal phenotype, dissociates from initial contacts and migrates to secondary sites. We recently reported that in hepatocytes the multifunctional cytokine TGFβ induces a full EMT characterized by (i) Snail induction, (ii) E-cadherin delocalization and down-regulation, (iii) down-regulation of the hepatocyte transcriptional factor HNF4α and (iv) up-regulation of mesenchymal and invasiveness markers. In particular, we showed that Snail directly causes the transcriptional down-regulation of E-cadherin and HN…
In vivo manipulation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells with zoledronate and low-dose interleukin-2 for immunotherapy of advanced breast cancer patients.
2010
The potent anti-tumour activities of gamma delta T cells have prompted the development of protocols in which gamma delta-agonists are administered to cancer patients. Encouraging results from small Phase I trials have fuelled efforts to characterize more clearly the application of this approach to unmet clinical needs such as metastatic carcinoma. To examine this approach in breast cancer, a Phase I trial was conducted in which zoledronate, a V gamma 9V delta 2 T cell agonist, plus low-dose interleukin (IL)-2 were administered to 10 therapeutically terminal, advanced metastatic breast cancer patients. Treatment was well tolerated and promoted the effector maturation of V gamma 9V delta 2 T …