Search results for "Progression"
showing 10 items of 1251 documents
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the regulation of cell–cell contact and tumor growth
2010
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor, which is activated by a large group of environmental pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins and planar polychlorinated biphenyls. Ligand binding leads to dimerization of the AhR with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and transcriptional activation of several xenobiotic phase I and phase II metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P4501A1 and glutathione- S -transferase, respectively. Since phase I enzymes convert inert carcinogens to active genotoxins, the AhR plays a key role in tumor initiation. Besides this classical route, the AhR mediates tumor promotion and recent evide…
Progression-free survival as an end-point in clinical trials of biotherapeutic agents
2007
Abstract Progression-free survival (PFS), the time from registration or randomisation of a patient until objective disease progression or death, can be considered as an outcome for clinical research and also as a basis for regulatory approval. Current experience suggests that greater standardisation and consistency are needed for clinical trials utilising PFS endpoints. To this end, the Biotherapy Development Association (BDA) convened a breakout session on the topic of PFS during its Third Alpine Meeting held 14–16 March 2007. Representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, academia, and patient advocacy groups identified challenges, developed recommendations, and work…
Median progression free survival (PFS) for patients treated with everolimus (EVE) plus exemestane (EXE) for HR plus mBC in routine clinical practice …
2017
e12547 Background: BRAWO is a non-interventional study, which enrolled more than 2400 patients (pts) with advanced/metastatic, hormone-receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer treated with EVE and EXE. Main objectives are a) the impact of physical activity on efficacy and quality of life, b) prophylaxis and management of stomatitis in clinical routine, and c) the sequence of therapy when EVE is used in daily clinical practice. We report updated data of the 3rd interim analysis, including PFS. Methods: This updated analysis (data cut-off 18 Oct 2016) covers data of the first 1345 documented pts with at least one follow up under therapy. Here we describe the baseline characteristics…
Guidelines for Long-Term Follow-Up after Childhood Cancer: Practical Implications for the Daily Work
2019
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Many childhood cancer survivors develop treatment-associated late effects emerging years or even decades after the end of treatment. Evidence-based guidelines recommend risk-adapted screening, facilitating early diagnosis and management of these sequelae. Long-term follow-up (LTFU) in specialized late effects clinics is devised to implement screening recommendations in the care of childhood cancer survivors. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To create a practical LTFU tool for the daily practice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Current guidelines and screening recommendations concerning LTFU in adult survivors …
Expression pattern of the urokinase-plasminogen activator system in rat DS-sarcoma: Role of oxygenation status and tumour size
2002
The urokinase plasminogen activator system plays a central role in malignant tumour progression. Both tumour hypoxia and enhancement of urokinase plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator-receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 have been identified as adverse prognostic factors. Upregulation of urokinase plasminogen activator or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 could present means by which hypoxia influences malignant progression. Therefore, the impact of hypoxia on the expression pattern of the urokinase plasminogen activator system in rat DS-sarcoma in vivo and in vitro was examined. In the in vivo setting, tumour cells were implanted subcutaneously into rat…
Systemic therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: The present and the future
2021
Hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed in more than half of all cases at unresectable stage when no potentially curative treatments are feasible. Since 2008, sorafenib had represented the only effective first line systemic therapy over the last decade until the approval of lenvatinib, who showed to be non-inferior to sorafenib. Recently, for the first time, a combination of immunotherapy and antiangiogenic drug, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, was associated with a significantly longer overall survival and progression free survival compared to sorafenib, becoming the new best performing first-line approach for unresectable HCC. After several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have attem…
Dystrophin-deficiency increases the susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
2007
Background and aim: The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) and other anthracyclines is limited by a dosage-dependent cardiotoxicity, which can lead to cardiomyopathy. The role of the individual genetic makeup in this disorder is poorly understood. Alterations in genes encoding cardiac cytoskeleton or sarcolemma proteins may increase the susceptibility to doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity. Methods: Female dystrophin-deficient mice (MDX) and age-matched wild-type mice underwent chronic treatment with doxorubicin. Cardiac function and tissue damage were assessed by echocardiography and histopathology, respectively. Gene expression changes were investigated using microarrays. Results: DOX treat…
Markers of Inflammation and Infection Influence the Outcome of Patients With Baseline Asymptomatic Carotid Lesions
2005
Background and Purpose— It is still in debate whether the evaluation of markers of infection and inflammation may be of importance for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular prevention, and we aimed to investigate this field in a prospective 5-year clinical follow-up study in patients with early stages of atherosclerosis. Methods— We studied 668 subjects divided in 3 groups according to the results of carotid ultrasound examination: (1) normal subjects, if intima-media thickness (IMT) was <0.9 mm; (2) with IMT, if IMT was between 0.9 and 1.5 mm; and (3) with asymptomatic carotid plaque, if IMT was >1.5 mm. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were investigated, and laboratory analysis…
Impact of preclinical carotid atherosclerosis on global cardiovascular risk stratification and events in a 10-year follow-up: comparison between the …
2019
Background The aim of the study was to compare three widely used algorithms for stratification of the global cardiovascular risk (GCVR): the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) score, the European systemic coronary risk estimation (SCORE) and the Italian 'Progetto Cuore' (heart project) score. It was also investigated how preclinical carotid atherosclerosis (pre-ATS) might influence the incidence and improve the risk prediction of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Methods Subjects (n = 358) without previous history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recruited and the GCVR was calculated for each patient. An ultrasound evaluation of the carotid arteries was also performed. Results Accord…
Life-time risk factors and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in young adults: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.
2010
Aims The aim of this study is to evaluate whether childhood risk factors are associated with a 6-year change in carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in young adulthood independent of the current risk factors. Methods and results The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort consisted of 1809 subjects who were followed-up for 27 years since baseline (1980, age 3–18 years) and having carotid IMT measured both in 2001 and 2007. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed repeatedly since childhood. A genotype risk score was calculated using 17 newly identified genetic variants associating with cardiovascular morbidity. The number of childhood risk factors (high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholester…