Search results for "Project"
showing 10 items of 3466 documents
Spatial and temporal systems in child language and thought: a cross-linguistic study
1999
This research was designed to evaluate the interaction of conceptual and linguistic factors during the acquisition of the spatial and temporal systems of Polish, English and Finnish from 3 to 6 years of age. In the conceptual-spatial task, children reconstructed a layout from a 180-degree change in perspective, and in the conceptual-temporal task they arranged three picture cards in a sequence while telling a story. In the linguistic domain, there were two comprehension tests and one production test containing spatial and temporal contrasts requiring either a single or multiple referent object(s)/event(s). The main effects (i.e., age, dimension, complexity) were always significant. There w…
Comparing the outcomes of two different approaches to CEFR-based rating of students’ writing performances across two European countries
2018
This study investigated to what extent two teams of experienced raters from different European countries (Finland and Austria), using their own CEFR-based rating scale (one holistic and one analytic), agreed on the CEFR level of students’ writing performances. Both teams rated one hundred performances written by Austrian secondary school students based on two tasks. The Finnish raters (N = 3) applied a holistic CEFR-linked rating scale consisting of verbatim CEFR descriptors developed in Finland, while the Austrian team (N = 6) used an analytic CEFR-linked rating scale consisting of four criteria developed in Austria. The ratings were analysed using the Rasch model. Although there were indi…
Manual Guiding in Peer Group Interaction: A Resource for Organizing a Practical Classroom Task
2013
How might someone carry out an educational task by moving an object or by guiding another person in doing so? This article describes the practical work of a group of school students as they work through an object-based physics task. It analyzes a recurrent practice whereby one student influences another's embodied conduct, either by manually guiding an object (a weight, a moveable plank, and so on) or by guiding the hand of another student as they manipulate an object. We show how the practices of manual guiding involve a range of embodied and contextual resources. They serve to maintain and restore the progressivity of the task in two environments: corrective sequences and local projects i…
<em>(Inter-)Fonología del Español Contemporáneo</em> (I)FEC: Methodology of a research program for corpus phonology
2018
The present contribution describes and discusses the methodology of the corpus phonological research program (Inter-)Fonología del Español Contemporáneo —(I)FEC—, which aims to document both the phonic variation in the Spanish-speaking world and the pronunciation of Spanish as an L2 and a foreign language in different learner groups. Partly based on the methodology of the French research program (Inter)Phonologie du Français Contemporain —(I)PFC—, (I)FEC includes, in addition to a word list with several (potential) minimal pairs and a reading task, also a discourse completion task (DCT) aiming to collect data for the analysis of different intonational tunes. The paper offers a detailed desc…
Student-initiated multi-unit questions in EMI classrooms
2021
This conversation analytic study investigates student-initiated multi-unit questions (MUQs) in whole class interaction. Based on a corpus of 30 hours of videotaped interactions from teacher education classrooms in an English-medium instruction university, we demonstrate that students use MUQs to introduce topics, either by recontextualizing some aspect of the prior topic, or alternatively, without these cohesive ties, which requires more interactional work to achieve intersubjectivity. Findings reveal that MUQs render student professional concerns more relevant and salient, foregrounding those inquiries as a space for launching topics. Students bring up issues such as ways of handling parti…
Bilingual practices and the social organisation of video gaming activities
2010
Abstract Grounded in the interactional paradigm for the study of bilingual language use, this paper investigates how players engaged in a collaborative game-playing activity orient to the co-presence of two languages in the setting and deploy bilingual resources in organising their action and participation. The analysis aims to demonstrate how a particular kind of ‘bilingual order’ ( Cromdal, 2005 ) is co-constructed in which the players use their native language (Finnish) for interaction with each other, but systematically draw on the language of the game in constructing their turns as recognisable and building their alignments with respect to activities under way. The analysis highlights …
Orthographic and Phonological Neighborhoods in Naming: Not All Neighbors Are Equally Influential in Orthographic Space
1997
Abstract The neighborhood size effect refers to the finding that single word naming is faster for stimuli that are orthographically similar to numerous lexical entries. We explored the nature of this phenomenon in five experiments with French pseudowords and words, and we examined the orthographic and the phonological characteristics of neighbors through quantitative analyses of a word corpus. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the facilitatory effect of neighborhood size was determined by a subset of neighbors, called phonographic neighbors, which are also phonologically similar to the target letter string. Experiments 3 to 5 aimed at assessing the influence of phonographic neighbors as a fun…
Contextualising Baxtin’s Linguistic Ideas
2012
Summary This article discusses the origins and formation of the notion of ‘metalinguistics’ in Mixail Mixajlovič Baxtin’s (1895–1975) writings. It is argued that the discussion of metalinguistics and the division of labour within the study of language in the United States in the 1940s and 1950s may have exerted a more profound influence on the formation of Baxtin’s linguistic views than was previously thought. The article investigates the nature and extent of this interaction and shows that there are interesting parallels between Baxtin’s conception of metalinguistics and the metalinguistics writings of George L. Trager (1906–1992). This suggests that, apart from any purely terminological i…
Ambivalent English : What We Talk About When We Think We Talk About Language
2020
The ambivalence of English manifests itself in the discourses that surround it. English may be a resource and consume resources; it empowers and oppresses. The dichotomous discussion around the usefulness or dangers of English as a “global” or “world” language erases problematizations of the layered societal implications of English in localised contexts. English needs to be analysed not (only) as a language but (also) as the ideologies and societal structures intertwined with it. We examine English in two higher education contexts. Our first case deals with the so-called Accent Reduction courses offered for international students in US universities. The second one analyses English as a lang…
Do Phonological Codes Constrain the Selection of Orthographic Codes in Written Picture Naming?
2001
Sound-to-print consistency of picture labels was manipulated in five experiments to investigate whether phonological codes constrain the selection of orthographic codes in written picture naming. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants wrote down picture names which were inconsistent or consistent in the phono-orthographic mapping defined either at the level of the word unit, i.e., heterographic homophones versus nonhomophones (Experiment 1), or at the sublexical level (Experiment 2). In neither experiment did phonographic consistency affect written latencies. Although more errors were observed for inconsistent than for consistent picture names, the observation of a similar error pattern in an…