Search results for "Protection"
showing 10 items of 1623 documents
Endovascular Treatment of Spontaneous Internal Carotid Artery Dissection with Proximal Embolic Protection Device
2019
Background The aim of this study was to report the feasibility and outcomes with the endovascular treatment of spontaneous internal carotid artery dissections (ICADs) using a proximal embolic protection device (EPD). Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients treated for spontaneous symptomatic ICAD using a proximal EPD from January 2017 to December 2018. Indication for treatment was the presence of neurologic symptoms. Early outcomes measured included technical success, perioperative mortality, and major cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications. Late outcomes were recurrent neurologic symptoms, patency, and reinterventions. Results A total of 4 male patients with ICAD were…
Short-term ischemia usually used for ischemic preconditioning causes loss of dendritic integrity after long-term survival in the gerbil hippocampus
2006
Ischemic preconditioning has been established as a powerful experimental neuroprotective strategy, both after global and focal cerebral ischemia. Little is known, however, about the structural and functional long-term outcome. Therefore, our present study was designed to check for potential subtle alterations in the hippocampus after long-term survival. Gerbils were subjected either to short-term ischemia of 2.5 min duration usually used for ischemic preconditioning (n=8) or to sham operation (n=6) and allowed to survive for 6 weeks. Hippocampi with neuronal densities comparable to those of sham-operated control animals were analyzed for dendritic marker proteins MAP2, MAP1B and synaptopodi…
Doxycycline reduces nitric oxide production in guinea pig inner ears.
2011
Abstract Objective Gentamicin application is an important therapeutic option to control vertigo spells in Meniere's disease. However, even in the case of low-dose intratympanic application, gentamicin might contribute to a pathological NO-increase leading to cochlear damage and hearing impairment. The study was performed to evaluate the nitric oxide (NO) reducing capacity of doxycycline in the inner ear after NO-induction by gentamicin. Methods In a prospective animal study, a single dose of gentamicin (10 mg/kg body weight) was injected intratympanically into male guinea pigs (n = 48). The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded prior to application and 3, 5 and 7 days afterwards…
The neuroprotective effect of lactate is not due to improved glutamate uptake after controlled cortical impact in rats.
2012
For many years lactate was considered to be a waste product of glycolysis. Data are accumulating that suggest that lactate is an important energy substrate for neurons during activation. In severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) glutamate release and ischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) are major factors for a mismatch between energy demand and supply and for neuronal cell death. Although ATP and behavior could be improved by lactate treatment after TBI, no histological correlate nor any linkage to better astrocytic glutamate uptake or CBF as possible mechanisms have been described. We subjected male rats to a controlled cortical impact (CCI; 5 m/sec, 2.5 mm). To study the effects of lactate tre…
Elevation of striatal urate in experimental models of Parkinson's disease: a compensatory mechanism triggered by dopaminergic nigrostriatal degenerat…
2014
Epidemiological studies have indicated an inverse association between high uricemia and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). To investigate the link between endogenous urate and neurotoxic changes involving the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system, this study evaluated the modifications in the striatal urate levels in two models of PD. To this end, a partial dopaminergic degeneration was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in mice, while a severe dopaminergic degeneration was elicited by unilateral medial forebrain bundle infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in rats. Urate levels were measured by in vivo microdialysis at 7 or 14 days from toxin exposure. The resu…
Implications for Estrogens in Parkinson's Disease: An Epidemiological Approach
2007
Abstract: Evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies suggests a role of sex hormones in the pathogenic process leading to neurodegenerative diseases, (i.e., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). The effects of sexual steroid hormones are complex and vary with the events of women's fertile life. Estrogens are supposed to influence dopamine synthesis, metabolism, and transport; however, there is no consensus regarding the direction, locus, and mechanism of the effect of estrogens on the dopaminergic system. A neuroprotective effect of estrogens has been demonstrated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Epidemiological st…
Circadian System Functionality, Hippocampal Oxidative Stress, and Spatial Memory in the APPswe/PS1dE9 Transgenic Model of Alzheimer Disease: Effects …
2012
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily causes β-amyloid accumulation in the brain, resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. AD patients, however, also suffer from severe circadian rhythm disruptions, and the underlying causes are still not fully known. Patients with AD show reduced systemic melatonin levels. This may contribute to their symptoms, since melatonin is an effective chronobiotic and antioxidant with neuroprotective properties. Here, the authors critically assessed the effects of long-term melatonin treatment on circadian system function, hippocampal oxidative stress, and spatial memory performance in the APPswe/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) mou…
Improvement of the circulatory function partially accounts for the neuroprotective action of the phytoestrogen genistein in experimental ischemic str…
2012
Abstract We tested the hypothesis that the phytoestrogen genistein protects the brain against ischemic stroke by improving the circulatory function in terms of reduced production of thromboxane A2 and leukocyte–platelet aggregates, and of preserved vascular reactivity. Ischemia-reperfusion (90 min-3 days, intraluminal filament) was induced in male Wistar rats, and functional score and cerebral infarct volume were the end points examined. Genistein (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (β-cyclodextrin) was administered at 30 min after ischemia or sham-operation. Production of thromboxane A2 and leukocyte–platelet aggregates, as well as reactivity of carotid artery to U-46619 (thromboxane A2 analogue) an…
Dietary phytoestrogens improve stroke outcome after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
2006
As phytoestrogens are postulated as being neuroprotectants, we assessed the hypothesis that dietary isoflavone-type phytoestrogens are neuroprotective against ischemic stroke. Transient focal cerebral ischemia (90 min) was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) following the intraluminal thread technique, both in rats fed with soy-based diet and in rats fed with isoflavone-free diet. Cerebro-cortical laser-Doppler flow (cortical perfusion, CP), arterial blood pressure, core temperature, PaO2, PaCO2, pH and glycemia were measured before, during and after MCAO. Neurological examination and infarct volume measurements were carried out 3 days after the ischemic insult. Dietary isofl…
Calcium and increase excitability promote tolerance against anoxia in hippocampal slices.
1999
We have previously demonstrated that anoxic preconditioning (APC) protects against a subsequent otherwise 'lethal' anoxic insult in hippocampal slices. Tested here are two hypotheses: (a) APC requires calcium to improve electrical recovery in hippocampal slices; and (b) mild excitation promotes preconditioning neuroprotection. Control hippocampal slices were given a single 'test' anoxic insult followed by reoxygenation. Experimental slices were preconditioned by three short anoxic insults of 1 min separated by 10 min of reoxygenation. At 30 min after the third 'conditioning' insult, slices underwent a 'test' anoxic insult [1 min of anoxic depolarization (AD)], and then slices were reoxygena…