Search results for "Protective"
showing 10 items of 512 documents
The endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) exerts neuroprotective effects after excitotoxic neuronal damage via cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)).
2012
Endocannabinoids exert numerous effects in the CNS under physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) may protect neurons in excitotoxically lesioned organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC). OHSC were excitotoxically lesioned by application of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA, 50 μM) for 4 h and subsequently treated with different NADA concentrations (0.1 pM-50 μM) alone or in combination with cannabinoid receptor antagonists. NADA protected dentate gyrus granule cells and caused a slight reduction in the number of microglial cells. The number of degenerated neurons significantly decreased be…
HERS study disturbs hormonal replacement therapy
2000
Cardiovascular protection of hormonal replacement therapy was considered a fact. The effects of estrogens on lipid levels and vascular health gave biological support to estrogen cardioprotection. The recently published HERS study showing no protective effects of estrogen and progesterone replacement therapy on the risk of myocardial infarction or coronary deaths is provoking perplexity. These surprising results may have several causes such as the use of progesterone, the associated use of cardioprotective agents or the short observation period. However, the study results scope is rectricted to secondary prevention. These cannot be extrapolated to frequent conditions of postmenopausal women …
C022 Experimental approaches of oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity associated with anthracyclines administration
2009
The chronic cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines anticancer drugs is one of the main factors which limits their prolonged use. Clinically, this cardiotoxicity results in a cardiomyopathy with irreversible congestive heart failure with high mortality. The molecular mechanisms, which could explain this cardiac toxicity, are complex but seem distinct from the anticancer mechanism. Several hypotheses were advanced, but it appears that the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) constitutes the common denominator.In a first study, we evaluated the acute effect of epirubicin administration on the evolution of cardiac functional parameters and production of RONS. Isolated perfused ra…
Cryopreservation of Escherichia coli K12TG1: Protection from the damaging effects of supercooling by freezing
2015
Injuries in living cells caused by water freezing during a freeze-thaw process have been extensively reported. In particular, intracellular water freezing has long been incriminated in cell death caused by a high cooling rate, but this supposition could not always be demonstrated. This work aims to discriminate the role of water freezing, dehydration and cold-induced injuries in cellular damage occuring during cryopreservation. For this purpose, Escherichia coli K12TG1 suspensions were maintained in a supercooled or frozen state at -20°C for times ranging from 10 min to 5 h. The supercooled state was maintained for a long period at -20°C by applying a non-injurious isostatic pressure (P<40 …
Central nicotinic receptors, neurotrophic factors and neuroprotection
2000
The multiple combinations of nAChR subunits identified in central nervous structures possess distinct pharmacological and physiological properties. A growing number of data have shown that compounds interacting with neuronal nAChRs have, both in vivo and in vitro, the potential to be neuroprotective and that treatment with nAChR agonists elicit long-lasting improving of cognitive performance in a variety of behavioural tests in rats, monkeys and humans. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggested also a potential neuroprotective/trophic role of (-)-nicotine in neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Taken together experimental and clinical data largely ind…
Galantamine modulates nicotinic receptor and blocks Aβ-enhanced glutamate toxicity
2004
Galantamine is a plant alkaloid that is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We have studied the effects of galantamine on beta-amyloid-enhanced glutamate toxicity using primary rat cultured cortical neurons. Nicotine and galantamine alone, and in combination, protected neurons against this neurotoxicity. The protection was not blocked by alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, but was partially blocked by alpha7 nAChR antagonists. Galantamine induced phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while PI3K inhibitors blocked the protective effect and Akt phosphorylation. The antibody FK1, which selectively blocks the alloste…
New neuroprotective effect of lemon integropectin on neuronal cellular model
2021
Lemon IntegroPectin obtained via hydrodynamic cavitation of organic lemon processing waste in water shows significant neuroprotective activity in vitro, as first reported in this study investigating the effects of both lemon IntegroPectin and commercial citrus pectin on cell viability, cell morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondria perturbation induced by treatment of neuronal SH-SY5Y human cells with H2O2. Mediated by ROS, including H2O2 and its derivatives, oxidative stress alters numerous cellular processes, such as mitochondrial regulation and cell signaling, propagating cellular injury that leads to incurable neurodegenerative diseases. These results, and t…
Brain and Cancer: The Protective Role of Erythropoietin
2005
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a pleiotropic agent, that is to say, it can act on several cell types in different ways. An independent system Epo/Epo receptor (EpoR) was detected in brain, leading to the hypothesis that this hormone could be involved in cerebral functions. Epo/EpoR expression changes during ontogenesis, thus indicating the importance of this system in neurodevelopment. Moreover, the hypoxia-induced production of Epo in the adult brain suggests that it could exert a neurotrophic and neuroprotective effect in case of brain injury. Epo could also influence neuro- transmission, inducing neurotransmitters (NT) release. Epo therapy in anemic cancer patients is still a controversial issu…
Essential oil of Citrus lumia Risso: Phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties and activity on the central nervous system
2018
Citrus lumia Risso Essential oil Antioxidant properties Anti-cholinesterase activity Cytotoxicity Neuroactive effects 1. Introduction Plants that produce essential oils (EOs) represent a large part of natural flora and an important resource in various fields such as pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, due to their flavor, fra- grance and biological activity (Swamy et al., 2016). EOs play a pivotal role in the growth and colonization of plants, giving color and scent to reproductive organs, attracting pollinators, favoring seed dispersion (Sharifi-Rad et al., 2017), and defending the plant against abiotic (light, temperature, etc.) and biotics (herbivores, harmful insects and pa- t…
Anaesthetic-related neuroprotection: intravenous or inhalational agents?
2010
In designing the anaesthetic plan for patients undergoing surgery, the choice of anaesthetic agent may often appear irrelevant and the best results obtained by the use of a technique or a drug with which the anaesthesia care provider is familiar. Nevertheless, in those surgical procedures (cardiopulmonary bypass, carotid surgery and cerebral aneurysm surgery) and clinical situations (subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke, brain trauma and postcardiac arrest resuscitation) where protecting the CNS is a priority, the choice of anaesthetic drug assumes a fundamental role. Treating patients with a neuroprotective agent may be a consideration in improving overall neurological outcome. Therefore, a cl…