Search results for "Protein Isoform"
showing 10 items of 182 documents
Expression of fibronectin splice variants and oncofetal glycosylated fibronectin in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and …
2002
The aim of this study was to define and compare the expression of fibronectin (Fn) isoforms in synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA).Using monoclonal antibodies specific for total Fn, extra domain (ED)-A Fn, ED-B Fn, and oncofetal glycosylated Fn, we studied the expression of the Fn isoforms in synovium. Furthermore, in situ hybridization for the detection of ED-B Fn mRNA including a double labeling technique for the detection of cell type was applied.Strong expression of total Fn, ED-A Fn, oncofetal glycosylated Fn and, to a lesser extent, ED-B Fn could be demonstrated in the synovial lining layer in both RA and OA. Stromal and vessel expression…
Influence of muscle strength and total work on exercise-induced plasma growth hormone isoforms in women
2003
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of physical strength and the ability to do more total work on human growth hormone (GH) variants to a heavy resistance exercise protocol in untrained women. From a distribution of 100 healthy, untrained women, the strongest 10 women (S) and the weakest 10 women (W) were compared for GH responses pre- and post an acute heavy resistance exercise test (AHRET, 6 sets of 10 RM squats, 2 minutes rest between sets). Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise and subsequently analysed in total as well as fractionated by Sephacryl S-100R column chromatography into three molecular weight size classes: fractio…
Claudin-18 gene structure, regulation, and expression is evolutionary conserved in mammals
2011
Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) is one of the few members of the human claudin family of tight junction molecules with strict restriction to one cell lineage. The objective of the current study was to compare molecular structure and tissue distribution of this gastrocyte specific molecule in mammals. We show here that the CLDN18.2 protein sequence is highly conserved, in particular with regard to functionally relevant domains in mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, monkey and human and also in lizards. Moreover, promoter regions of orthologs are highly homologous, including the binding site of the transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), which is known to regulate acti…
Glycosylation deficiency at either one of the two glycan attachment sites of cellular prion protein preserves susceptibility to bovine spongiform enc…
2004
The conversion into abnormally folded prion protein (PrP) plays a key role in prion diseases. PrP(C) carries two N-linked glycan chains at amino acid residues 180 and 196 (mouse). Previous in vitro data indicated that the conversion process may not require glycosylation of PrP. However, it is conceivable that these glycans function as intermolecular binding sites during the de novo infection of cells on susceptible organisms and/or play a role for the interaction of both PrP isoforms. Such receptor-like properties could contribute to the formation of specific prion strains. However, in earlier studies, mutations at the glycosylation sites of PrP led to intracellular trafficking abnormalitie…
Usher syndrome: molecular links of pathogenesis, proteins and pathways.
2006
Contains fulltext : 50437.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Usher syndrome is the most common form of deaf-blindness. The syndrome is both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and to date, eight causative genes have been identified. The proteins encoded by these genes are part of a dynamic protein complex that is present in hair cells of the inner ear and in photoreceptor cells of the retina. The localization of the Usher proteins and the phenotype in animal models indicate that the Usher protein complex is essential in the morphogenesis of the stereocilia bundle in hair cells and in the calycal processes of photoreceptor cells. In addition, the Usher proteins are important in…
Stage, tissue, and cell specific distribution of alternative Ultrabithorax mRNAs and protein isoforms in the Drosophila embryo
1996
The homeotic gene Ultrabithorax encodes a family of six homeoproteins translated from alternatively spliced mRNAs. The structures of these UBX isoforms have been conserved among anciently diverged Drosoph-ila species and functional distinctions between some isoforms have been reported that suggest subtle but important roles in Ubx action. We present a detailed analysis of the expression patterns of Ubx mRNAs and proteins during embryogenesis, using isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic oligonucleotide probes. These patterns are remarkably complex, each mRNA and corresponding protein isoform being expressed in a partially overlapping but distinct stage and tissue-specific patt…
Hepatitis B subviral envelope particles use the COPII machinery for intracellular transport via selective exploitation of Sec24A and Sec23B
2020
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver disease. Its success as a human pathogen is related to the immense production of subviral envelope particles (SVPs) contributing to viral persistence by interfering with immune functions. To explore cellular pathways involved in SVP formation and egress, we investigated host-pathogen interactions. Yeast-based proteomics revealed Sec24A, a component of the coat protein complex II (COPII), as an interaction partner of the HBV envelope S domain. To understand how HBV co-opts COPII as a proviral machinery, we studied roles of key Sec proteins in HBV-expressing liver cells. Silencing of Sar1, Sec23, and Sec24, which promote COPII assembly conco…
Post-translational modifications in the survival motor neuron protein
2004
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a progressive loss of the spinal motoneurons. The SMA-determining gene has been termed survival motor neuron (SMN) and is deleted or mutated in over 98% of patients. The encoded gene product is a protein expressed as different isoforms. In particular, we showed that the rat SMN cDNA produces two isoforms with Mr of 32 and 35 kDa, both localized in nuclear coiled bodies, but the 32 kDa form is also cytoplasmic, whereas the 35 kDa form is also microsomal. To determine the molecular relationship between these two isoforms and potential post-translational modifications, we performed transfection experiments with a …
Maturation of epidermal Langerhans cells: increased expression of beta- and gamma-actin isoforms as a basis of specialized cell functions.
1999
Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) represent immature dendritic cells. During in vitro culture in the presence of keratinocytes they mature into potent immunostimulatory cells for naive T cells. This process is thought to simulate in vivo maturation of LC following activation by antigen contact. Maturation of LC is accompanied by morphological alterations. Applying a differential screening procedure we isolated differentially expressed cDNAs involved in the maturation events including cDNAs of the cytoskeletal actin isoforms beta- and gamma-actin. Stronger signals with hybridization probes derived from cultured LC compared with probes derived from freshly isolated LC indicate upregulation of a…
Ciona intestinalis interleukin 17-like genes expression is upregulated by LPS challenge
2015
In humans, IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the clearance of extracellular bacteria promoting cell infiltration and production of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report on three Ciona intestinalis IL-17 homologues (CiIL17-1, CiIL17-2, CiIL17-3). The gene organisation, phylogenetic tree and modelling supported the close relationship with the mammalian IL-17A and IL-17F suggesting that the C. intestinalis IL-17 genes share a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. Real time PCR analysis showed a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are involved in the first phase of inflammatory response. In situ hybridization assays disclo…