Search results for "Protein kinases"

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway: A potential mechanism involved in PAFIYAMA syndrome?

2016

Neuroendocrine Regulation Of The IL-27-Dependent Immune Response In Macrophages

2013

Abstract The central nervous system has the ability for modulating immune responses, but the molecular mechanisms of such interactions are only partly understood. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a heterodimeric protein and structurally related to the IL-12 family of cytokines. IL-27 is composed of the subunits EBI3 and p28. The biological functions of IL-27 have been described as either anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory depending on the experimental models studied. In the current study, we investigated how production of Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is regulated by neuroendocrine hormones. We focused our work on the subunit p28, since EBI3 is also present in IL-35 and therefore is not a specific com…

Mechanisms of C-reactive protein-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.

2009

Background and Purpose— Increased mortality after stroke is associated with brain edema formation and high plasma levels of the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP). The aim of this study was to examine whether CRP directly affects blood–brain barrier stability and to analyze the underlying signaling pathways. Methods— We used a cell coculture model of the blood–brain barrier and the guinea pig isolated whole brain preparation. Results— We could show that CRP at clinically relevant concentrations (10 to 20 μg/mL) causes a disruption of the blood–brain barrier in both approaches. The results of our study further demonstrate CRP-induced activation of surface Fcγ receptors CD16/32 fo…

NADPH Oxidase Accounts for Enhanced Superoxide Production and Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Smooth Muscle Relaxation in BKβ1 −/− Mice

2006

Objective— Nitric oxide (NO)-induced vasorelaxation involves activation of large conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (BK). A regulatory BKβ1 subunit confers Ca 2+ , voltage, and NO/cGMP sensitivity to the BK channel. We investigated whether endothelial function and NO/cGMP signaling is affected by a deletion of the β1-subunit. Methods and Results— Vascular superoxide in BKβ1 −/− was measured using the fluorescent dye hydroethidine and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Vascular NO formation was analyzed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), expression of NADPH oxidase subunits, the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), as well as the activity a…

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Ramiprilat Interferes With the Sequestration of the B 2 Kinin Receptor Within the Plasma Membrane of Native E…

1999

Background —ACE (kininase II) inhibitors have been shown to exert their beneficial cardiovascular effects via the inhibition of both angiotensin II formation and bradykinin breakdown. Because recent evidence suggests that ACE inhibitors may also interfere with B 2 kinin receptor signaling and thus enhance the vascular response to bradykinin, we examined whether the distribution of B 2 kinin receptors within the plasma membrane of native endothelial cells is affected by an ACE inhibitor. Methods and Results —Localization of the B 2 kinin receptor in membranes prepared from native porcine aortic endothelial cells was evaluated by means of specific [ 3 H]bradykinin binding and immunoprecipita…

POLYPHENOLS FROM RED WINE MODULATE IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS: BIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

2008

Many studies have been conducted on the effects of red wine polyphenols on certain diseases, primarily, coronary heart disease (CHD) and, in this respect, evidence has been demonstrated that intake of red wine is associated with a reduction of CHD symptomatology. In this framework, the purpose of this review is to illustrate the effects of polyphenols on immune cells from human healthy peripheral blood. Data will show that polyphenols are able to stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, the release of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-10 as well as immunoglobulins may be important for host protection in different immune related …

Myeloperoxidase mediates neutrophil activation by association with CD11b/CD18 integrins.

2004

Recruitment and activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) reflects a primary immunological response to invading pathogens and has also emerged as a hallmark of vascular inflammation. One of the principal enzymes released upon PMN activation is myeloperoxidase (MPO), a heme protein that not only generates cytotoxic oxidants but also impacts deleteriously on nitric oxide-dependent signaling cascades within the vasculature. Because MPO also associates with the membrane of PMN, we evaluated whether MPO could also function as an autocrine modulator of PMN activation. The extent of PMN membrane-associated MPO was elevated in patients with acute inflammatory vascular disease compared with…

Activation of the p38MAPK cascade is associated with upregulation of TNF alpha receptors in the spinal motor neurons of mouse models of familial ALS.

2005

Phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), but not activated c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), increases in the motor neurons of transgenic mice overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1 mutants at different stages of the disease. This effect is associated with a selective increase of phosphorylated MKK3-6, MKK4 and ASK1 and a concomitant upregulation of the TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1 and TNFR2), but not IL1beta and Fas receptors. Activation of both p38 MAPK and JNK occurs in the activated microglial cells of SOD1 mutant mice at the advanced stage of the disease; however, this effect is not accompanied by the concomitant activation of the upstream kinases ASK1 and MKK3,4,6, while both …

Protein Phosphorylation by Peroxisome Proliferators: Species-specific Stimulation of Protein Kinases and Its Role in PP-induced Transcriptional Activ…

1996

Activation of NF-kappaB and IL-8 by yersinia enterocolitica invasin protein is conferred by engagement of rac1 and MAP kinase cascades.

2003

International audience; Yersinia enterocolitica triggers activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and production of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 in intestinal epithelial cells. This activation is due to adhesion of the bacteria via their outer membrane protein invasin to the host cells. Using Clostridium difficile toxins that specifically inactivate small GTPases, and transfection of inhibitory proteins of the Rho-GTPases, we demonstrate that Rac1, but not Cdc42 or Rho, is required for activation of NF-kappaB by invasin. Invasin activated the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) but not extracellular signal regulated …