Search results for "Proteinase"

Pharmacologic therapies in endometriosis: a systematic review

2012

To assess the literature on preclinical and clinical efficacy and safety data of pharmacologic groups proposed in the treatment of endometriosis, we performed a systematic review of publications from March 2002 to January 2012 via PubMed search. Additional relevant articles were identified from citations within these publications. A high number of medications were tested in preclinical models of endometriosis due to their theoretic capacity of disrupting important pathophysiologic pathways of the disease, such as inflammatory response, angiogenesis and cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and invasion. Tumor necrosis factor α-blockers, nuclear factor κB inhibitors, antiangioge…

[Coronary artery ectasia: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment].

2014

Coronary ectasia is a dilation of coronary arteries, angiographically defined if the diameter of the artery is ≥ 1.5 times greater than that of the intact adjacent vascular segment. An association has been found between coronary artery ectasia and a broad spectrum of different diseases, first of all atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The mechanisms that determine the abnormal dilatation of the vascular lumen and the etiology of coronary artery ectasia are still poorly understood. Various hypotheses have been formulated over the time, the most accredited between these recognizes as main responsible an uncontrolled activity of a particular family of enzymes that degrade the extracellula…

Autophagy Induces Expression of IL-6 in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Under Mechanical Load and Overload and Effects Osteoclastogenesis in v…

2021

Frontiers in physiology 12, 716441 (2021). doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.716441 special issue: "Alveolar Bone: a Pivotal Role in Periodontal Disease Pathobiology and Treatment, Volume I / Fani Anagnostou, Beatriz Castaneda, Frédéric Lézot and Petros Papagerakis"

Proenzyme Structure and Activation of Astacin Metallopeptidase

2010

Proteolysis is regulated by inactive (latent) zymogens, with a prosegment preventing access of substrates to the active-site cleft of the enzyme. How latency is maintained often depends on the catalytic mechanism of the protease. For example, in several families of the metzincin metallopeptidases, a >cysteine switch> mechanism involves a conserved prosegment motif with a cysteine residue that coordinates the catalytic zinc ion. Another family of metzincins, the astacins, do not possess a cysteine switch, so latency is maintained by other means. We have solved the high resolution crystal structure of proastacin from the European crayfish, Astacus astacus. Its prosegment is the shortest struc…

Upregulation of the α-secretase ADAM10 - risk or reason for hope?

2010

A decade ago, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) was identified as an alpha-secretase and as a key proteinase in the processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Accordingly, the important role that it plays in Alzheimer's disease was manifested. Animal models with an overexpression of ADAM10 revealed a beneficial profile of the metalloproteinase with respect to learning and memory, plaque load and synaptogenesis. Therefore, ADAM10 presents a worthwhile target with respect to the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease such as Morbus Alzheimer. Initially, ADAM10 was suggested to be an enzyme, shaping the extracellular matrix by cleavage of collagen type IV, or to be a tumour n…

MT5-MMP regulates adult neural stem cell functional quiescence through the cleavage of N-cadherin.

2014

The identification of mechanisms that maintain stem cell niche architecture and homeostasis is fundamental to our understanding of tissue renewal and repair. Cell adhesion is a well-characterized mechanism for developmental morphogenetic processes, but its contribution to the dynamic regulation of adult mammalian stem cell niches is still poorly defined. We show that N-cadherin-mediated anchorage of neural stem cells (NSCs) to ependymocytes in the adult murine subependymal zone modulates their quiescence. We further identify MT5-MMP as a membrane-type metalloproteinase responsible for the shedding of the N-cadherin ectodomain in this niche. MT5-MMP is co-expressed with N-cadherin in adult N…

Expression of gelatinases and cycloxygenases in one case of myoepithelioma

2011

The Alzheimer’s disease associated bacterial protease RgpB from P. gingivalis activates the alternative β-secretase meprin β thereby increasing Aβ ge…

2019

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and characterized by tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, reactive microglia and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits. A recent study revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is associated with amyloid β generation in Alzheimer’s disease. Increased Aβ levels, tau degradation and neuronal toxicity were observed as a consequence of ginigipain R (RgpB) activity, a cysteine protease constitutively secreted by P. gingivalis. Of note, we previously identified RgpB as a potent activator of the metalloproteinase meprin β. Interestingly, meprin β is an alternative β-secretase of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which together…

ADAM10, myelin-associated metalloendopeptidase

2013

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of ADAM10. Originally, ADAM10 was characterized as a myelin-associated metalloproteinase. After cloning the bovine ADAM10 cDNA, the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the enzyme belonged to the reprolysin subfamily and therefore was named MADM (mammalian disintegrin metalloprotease). The mammalian reprolysin subfamily has been named ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) and MADM has been designated ADAM10. The ADAM10 homologs in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans are named kuzbanian and sup-17, respectively. The enzymatic activity of isolated ADAM10 can be monitored in v…

Anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibody profiling in patients with immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

2021

Anti-A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13) autoantibodies cause a severe ADAMTS13 deficiency in immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP). ADAMTS13 consists of a metalloprotease (M), a disintegrin-like (D) domain, 8 thrombospondin type 1 repeats (T1-T8), a cysteine-rich (C), a spacer (S), and 2 CUB domains (CUB1-2). We recently developed a high-throughput epitope mapping assay based on small, nonoverlapping ADAMTS13 fragments (M, DT, CS, T2-T5, T6-T8, CUB1-2). With this assay, we performed a comprehensive epitope mapping using 131 acute-phase samples and for the first time a large group of remission samples (n = 50). Ne…