Search results for "Psicobiologia"

IMPAIRED DECISION-MAKING AND DIFFUSION ORIENTATIONAL COMPLEXITY IN PEOPLE WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

2013

Objective Difficulties with decision-making have been reported in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It is however unclear what aspect of decision making is impaired, for example whether they are more impulsive, and how any impairments relate to grey matter pathology. In this study we assess grey matter microstructure using a novel measure of the number of diffusion orientations on diffusion MRI “diffusion orientation complexity (DOC)”. We studied DOC in cortical areas known to be associated with decision making and looked at its associations with performance on the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT). Method One hundred and five patients with MS (61 RR, 26 SP, 18 PP; mean age: 45.9 years) and …

Noli Timere: The Role of Reassuring Adults in Dealing with COVID-19 Anxiety in Pediatric Age

2021

Since the earliest stages of the Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) spread, the elderly has been identified as the most vulnerable and health authorities have rightly focused on that population. Minor attention was paid to pediatric populations and their emotional reactions. Actually, children and adolescents faced severe anxiety, fear and stress conditions. An efficient management of the pandemic, therefore, must take into account the pediatric population which cannot be neglected as a minor matter compared to the elderly, the economy and health care. Since the lockdown time is over, children and adolescents must recover sociality, return to living in the open air, rediscover playing, free…

P258 Combining tDCS with prismatic adaptation for non invasive neuromodulation of the motor cortex

2017

Introduction Prismatic adaptation (PA) shifts visual field laterally and induces lateralized deviations of spatial attention. Recently, it has been suggested that prismatic goggles are also able to modulate brain excitability ( Magnani, 2014 ), with cognitive after-effects documented even in tasks not necessarily spatial in nature ( Oliveri, 2013 ). Objectives The aim of the present study was to test whether prisms can modulate motor cortical excitability similarly as anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) does; to test whether neuromodulatory effects obtained from tDCS and prismatic goggles could interact and induce homeostatic changes in brain excitability. Materials and me…

EFFICACY OF REPETITIVE TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION/TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION IN COGNITIVE NEUROREHABILITATION

2008

Summary: Cognitive deficits are a common consequence of neurologic disease, in particular, of traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders, and there is evidence that specific cognitive training may be effective in cognitive rehabilitation. Several investigations emphasize the fact that interacting with cortical activity, by means of cortical stimulation, can positively affect the short-term cognitive performance and improve the rehabilitation potential of neurologic patients. In this respect, preliminary evidence suggests that cortical stimulation may play a role in treating aphasia, unilateral neglect, and other cognitive disorders. Several possible mechanisms can accou…

Enhancing memory performance with rTMS in healthy subjects and individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment: the role of the right dorsolateral prefron…

2012

A debated question in the literature is the degree of anatomical and functional lateralization of the executive control processes subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during recognition memory retrieval. We investigated if transient inhibition and excitation of the left and right DLPFC at retrieval by means of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulate recognition memory performance in 100 healthy controls (HCs) and in 8 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Recognition memory tasks of faces, buildings and words were used in different experiments. rTMS-inhibition of the right DLPFC enhanced recognition memory of verbal and non verbal material in…

Neuroinflammatory and behavioral susceptibility profile of mice exposed to social stress towards cocaine effects.

2021

Using the social defeat (SD) model, numerous studies have shown that stressed mice display an enhanced response to the motivational effects of cocaine in the self-administration (SA) and conditioned-place preference (CPP) paradigms. However, not all subjects exposed to stress express its harmful effects. Some are particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of repeated SD, while resilient mice successfully cope with stressful experiences and display adjusted psychological functioning after stress. Vulnerability to develop stress-related disorders, such as depression, has been linked to coping strategies and more recently to individual differences in the immune system. However, no stu…

Una nuova batteria di test di memoria di riconoscimento verbale e non verbale: uno studio preliminare.

2010

Memoria di riconoscimento e corteccia parietale: uno studio rTMS

2018

Cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI

2004

Gradient echo T2*-weighted MRI has high sensitivity in detecting cerebral microbleeds, which appear as small dot-like hypointense lesions. Microbleeds are strongly associated with intracerebral haemorrhage, hypertension, lacunar stroke and ischaemic small vessel disease, and have generated interest as a marker of bleeding-prone microangiopathy. Microbleeds have generally been considered to be clinically silent; however, since they are located in widespread cortical and basal ganglia regions and are histologically characterized by tissue damage, we hypothesized that they would cause cognitive dysfunction. We therefore studied patients with microbleeds (n = 25) and a non-microbleed control gr…

Low frequency rTMS over the right parietal cortex at retrieval increases recognition memory in healthy subjects

2013

Neuroimaging and lesion studies have led to contrasting findings regarding the potential role of the parietal lobe in episodic memory. Imaging studies strongly suggest an important participation of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in episodic memory, whereas lesion studies are not conclusive at this regard. Using off-line 1 Hz rTMS paradigm, we conducted 2 experiments to investigate the role of PPCs in recognition memory. Real or sham rTMS were applied over the left or the right PPC (P3 and P4 of the 10–20 EEG system) of healthy subjects before encoding (Experiment 1) and just before retrieval (Experiment 2) of forced-choice non verbal recognition memory tasks. rTMS over the left and the…