Search results for "Psychological"
showing 10 items of 4373 documents
La palabra en las maternidades: una aproximación a la psicología perinatal
2001
El reconocimiento del recién nacido como un ser interactuante con el medio físico y humano que lo rodea, implicó cambios en las conductas de los equipos de salud , a cargo de las unidades de internación neonatal. Los conceptos de interacciones precoces, de apego, de díada, de vulnerabilidad maternal, competencias conductuales del recien nacido, y su utilización reciente en el desarrollo de la psicología perinatal, marcaron una transformación en el enfoque de los distintos profesionales involucrados en el proceso del nacimiento. Por un lado, podemos decir que la medicalización del acto del nacimiento en la sociedad occidental ha permitido disminuír el riesgo morbi-mortalidad matern…
The Importance of Empowerment in Entrepreneurship
2017
Empowerment comes at a time when global competition and change require people to take initiative and be innovative. Based on the active, persistent, and change-oriented behaviors associated with psychological empowerment, the chapter states that empowerment can contribute to entrepreneurship. The dimensions of empowerment that suggest a theoretical and empirical link with entrepreneurial behavior are discussed. Several propositions regarding the interplay between empowerment and entrepreneurship are formulated. The chapter describes paths to promote empowerment and entrepreneurship in applied context and suggests future directions to advance research on empowerment in the field of entrepren…
Driving through floodwater: Exploring driver decisions through the lived experience
2019
Abstract More than half of unintentional flood-related drowning deaths in Australia are due to driving through floodwater, despite on-going public campaigns. Currently, there is a knowledge gap in understanding why individuals choose to drive through floodwater and the decisions that may lead to such actions. We propose that a more complete understanding of individuals’ decisions to drive through floodwater needs to be considered in the context of the lived experience. Australian drivers (N = 20) who had intentionally driven through floodwater participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis based in an interpretivist approach. Past experience, indivi…
Population dynamics, social resilience strategies, and Adaptive Cycles in early farming societies of SW Central Europe
2017
Abstract Inferred European Holocene population size exhibits large fluctuations, particularly around the onset of farming. We attempt to find explanations for these fluctuations by employing the concept of cycling, especially that of the Adaptive Cycle. We base our analysis on chronologically and chorologically highly resolved ceramic and site data from the Linear Pottery culture (Germ. Linearbandkermik ) of the early Neolithic of southwestern Central Europe. Typological seriation with dendrochronological anchor dates provides the age model for these data. Ceramic motifs are analysed with respect to the temporally changing diversity in decoration. The temporal sequence of major decoration m…
Condition-dependent effects of corticosterone on a carotenoid-based begging signal in house sparrows
2008
International audience; Begging is a complex display involving a variety of different visual and auditory signals. Parents are thought to use these signals to adjust their investment in food provisioning. The mechanisms that ensure the honesty of begging displays as indicators of need have been recently investigated. It has been shown that levels of corticosterone (Cort), the hormone released during the stress response, increase during food shortage and are associated with an increased begging rate. In a recent study in house sparrows, although exogenous Cort increased begging rate, parents did not accordingly adjust their provisioning rate. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Cort might af…
Forest multifunctionality is not resilient to intensive forestry
2021
AbstractThere is ample evidence that intensive management of ecosystems causes declines in biodiversity as well as in multiple ecosystem services, i.e., in multifunctionality. However, less is known about the permanence and reversibility of these responses. To gain insight into whether multifunctionality can be sustained under intensive management, we developed a framework building on the concept of resilience: a system’s ability to avoid displacement and to return or transform to a desired state. We applied it to test the ability of forest multifunctionality to persist during and recover from intensive management for timber production in a boreal forest. Using forest growth simulations and…
Adaptation to environmental stress at different timescales
2020
Environments are changing rapidly, and to cope with these changes, organisms have to adapt. Adaptation can take many shapes and occur at different speeds, depending on the type of response, the trait, the population, and the environmental conditions. The biodiversity crisis that we are currently facing illustrates that numerous species and populations are not capable of adapting with sufficient speed to ongoing environmental changes. Here, we discuss current knowledge on the ability of animals and plants to adapt to environmental stress on different timescales, mainly focusing on thermal stress and ectotherms. We discuss within-generation responses that can be fast and induced within minute…
Unravelling the scientific debate on how to address wolf-dog hybridization in Europe
2019
Anthropogenic hybridization is widely perceived as a threat to the conservation of biodiversity. Nevertheless, to date, relevant policy and management interventions are unresolved and highly convoluted. While this is due to the inherent complexity of the issue, we hereby hypothesize that a lack of agreement concerning management goals and approaches, within the scientific community, may explain the lack of social awareness on this phenomenon, and the absence of effective pressure on decision-makers. By focusing on wolf x dog hybridization in Europe, we hereby (a) assess the state of the art of issues on wolf x dog hybridization within the scientific community, (b) assess the conceptual base…
Blood parasites mediate morph-specific maintenance costs in a colour polymorphic wild bird
2011
Parasites can mediate profound negative effects on host fitness. Colour polymorphism has been suggested to covary genetically with intrinsic physiological properties. Tawny owl colour polymorphism is highly heritable with two main morphs, grey and brown. We show that experimental medication acts to reduce blood parasites and that medicated grey females maintain body mass during breeding, whereas medicated brown females decline in body mass similar to control females of both morphs. We find no effect of medication on general immunoglobulin levels, antigen-specific humoral response or H/L ratio. In the descriptive data, both morphs have similar blood parasite infection rates, but blood parasi…
Do colour morphs of wall lizards express different personalities?
2021
Abstract Colour morphs sometimes have different behavioural strategies which may be maintained by frequency or density dependence mechanisms. We investigated temporal changes in behavioural reaction to a novel environment among colour morphs (yellow, orange, white) of the European wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Adult males were given two 15 min experimental trials, and their locomotion was highly consistent between the two trials. Boldness, freezing and escape behaviour were less repeatable. Colour morphs differed in their locomotion and freezing behaviour. Boldness was similar among the morphs, whereas escape behaviour was lowest in yellow morph. Consequently, yellow morph males tended to…