Search results for "Psychological resilience"
showing 10 items of 188 documents
Unravelling the Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Social Defeat Stress on Use of Drugs of Abuse
2021
The immune system provides the first line of the organism’s defenses, working to maintain homeostasis against external threats and respond also to internal danger signals. There is much evidence to suggest that modifications of inflammatory parameters are related to vulnerability to develop mental illnesses, such as depression, autism, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. In addition, not only are inflammatory parameters related to these disorders, but stress also induces the activation of the immune system, as recent preclinical research demonstrates. Social stress activates the immune response in the central nervous system through a number of mechanisms; for example, by promoting m…
Reflections on conspicuous sustainability: Creating Small Island Dependent States (SIDS) through Ostentatious Development Assistance (ODA)?
2020
Abstract It is frequently noted that small islands, including Small Island Developing States (SIDS), receive hugely disproportionate levels of aid or official development assistance (ODA) relative to other states and territories. However, the precise relationship between 'islandness' and aid remains underexamined. This paper uses the concept of 'conspicuous sustainability' as a framework for understanding the propensity for aid to be directed toward small island territories. We argue (1) that aid donors have reasons for preferring engagement in development projects that are particularly conspicuous, irrespective of actual development outcomes and (2) that small island territories are except…
Placing resilience in context: Investigating the changing experiences of Finnish organic farmers
2018
Understanding how farmers are resilient is critical for effective government and individual\ud management responses in an increasingly uncertain world. Through an inter-temporal focus on\ud Finnish organic farmers, we explore changing identities, attitudes and practices, and reflect on\ud ramifications for farming resilience. Despite the essentialising binaries perpetuated by discussions of\ud conventionalisation and bifurcation in the organic movement, organic production systems are, and\ud always have been, heterogeneous. This paper offers a nuanced analysis of the fluctuating and mixed\ud practices and identities that compose the sector. Considering the experiences of both ‘pioneer’ and\…
Territorial development models: A new strategic vision to analyze the relationship between the environment, public goods and geographical indications
2021
Abstract Geographical indications (GIs) are increasingly seen as a tool to support sustainable local development. This study focuses on how geographical indications can contribute to a territorial public system, and how this can be threatened by several market failures. Starting from the economic literature on public goods, this document highlights how geographical indications, and their legal protection, can guarantee a sustainable development model. This article aims to illustrate and develop new economic arguments that support a more comprehensive political approach to the contribution that Geographical indications make to sustainable development. The research is focused in Sicily on the…
Pharmacological Neuroenhancement, Perceived Stress, and Resilience in Spine Surgeons–A Cross-Sectional Survey
2022
Background Spine surgeons are usually exposed to high workload and demanding work conditions. Although the relationship between pharmacological neuroenhancement (PNE) and resilience (i.e., the ability to recover from stress), as well as perceived stress and resilience-enhancing factors, has been investigated in the general population, less is known about the impact of those factors in spine surgeons. This study aimed to close that gap by investigating the relationship between PNE use and resilience, perceived stress, or resilience-enhancing factors in spine surgeons. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in a sample of 582 spine surgeons in German-speaking countries (Austria, German…
Sustainable Development and Transition Management: A New Approach for European Peripheral Areas
2020
This paper on Europe as a sustainable economy and its policy for peripheral areas contributes to the analysis on the relationship between Transition Management and new approaches to regional development. It follows that regions are different ecosystems which require not only conventional macroeconomic visions for development processes, but also a precise spatial approach based on different levels of geographical aggregation. The physical environment, therefore, becomes a useful element not only to analyze the transition mechanisms, but also as a constitutive part of economic, social and environmental changes in the short, medium, and long term. A number of interesting aspects are examined a…
Large body size variation is linked to low communication success in tandem running ants
2019
AbstractDiversity in animal groups is often assumed to increase group performance. In insect colonies, genetic, behavioral and morphological variation among workers can improve colony functioning and resilience. However, it has been hypothesized that during communication processes, differences between workers, e.g. in body size, could also have negative effects. Tandem running is a common recruitment strategy in ants and allows a leader to guide a nestmate follower to resources. A substantial proportion of tandem runs fail because leader and follower loose contact. Using the ant Temnothorax nylanderi as a model system, we tested the hypothesis that tandem running success is impaired if lead…
“When You Thought That There Is No One and Nothing”: The Value of Psychodrama in Working With Abused Women
2018
This paper discusses how psychodrama methods and techniques can empower abused women and stimulate changes in their victim role. Through an in-depth exploration, we sought to gain an insider’s perspective of the experiences of change and perceived outcomes for abused women, which could contribute to optimizing gender violence intervention. Theoretically, the study is grounded in the female co-responsibility and trans-generational transmission of women’s victim role from mother to daughter. A mixed methods experimental design employing an explanatory sequential approach to data collection was implemented. A total sample of 33 abused women (15 in the experimental group, and 18 in the control …
Promoting Awareness about Psychological Consequences of Living in a Community Oppressed by the Mafia: A Group-Analytic Intervention
2017
The effects of the Mafia have been extensively studied from sociological, economic, and historical points of view. However, little research has investigated the influence of the Mafia on individuals and communities in terms of its psychological and social impact. In order to contribute to the advancement of our understanding of the psychological effects of the Mafia on individuals and communities and to promote a participative process of social change, a group analytic intervention was conducted within a Community Based Participatory Research carried out in Corleone, a small Sicilian town with a historically recognized role in the evolution of the Mafia, as well as in the fight against its …
“My dad got depression, or something”: How do children talk about parental mental disorder?
2012
The research about children affected by parents with mental disorders has suggested that information and an understanding of the parent's problems are important factors in the child's resilience. Therefore, increasing the child's understanding has been defined as a key element in many preventive interventions. However, there is little research about children's conceptions of parental mental disorder. The article examines the discourses (vocabularies) that children use as their resources when talking about a parent's mental disorder during a qualitative research interview. It pays special attention to the interviewer-child interaction. The data come from interviews with ten Finnish children.…