Search results for "Psychopathology"

showing 10 items of 301 documents

Linking personality and brain anatomy: a structural MRI approach to reinforcement sensitivity theory

2019

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) proposes a widely used taxonomy of human personality linked to individual differences at both behavioral and neuropsychological levels that describe a predisposition to psychopathology. However, the body of RST research was based on animal findings, and little is known about their anatomical correspondence in humans. Here we set out to investigate MRI structural correlates (i.e. voxel-based morphometry) of the main personality dimensions proposed by the RST in a group of 400 healthy young adults who completed the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ). Sensitivity to punishment scores correlated positively with the gr…

MaleIndividuality0302 clinical medicinelimbic systemSurveys and QuestionnairesGray MatterPrefrontal cortexFrontostriatal circuitmedia_commonPsychopathology05 social sciencesNeuropsychologyBrainGeneral MedicineAmygdalaMagnetic Resonance Imagingmedicine.anatomical_structureOriginal ArticleFemalePsychologyReinforcement Psychologypsychological phenomena and processesClinical psychologyPsychopathologyPersonalityCognitive Neurosciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectPrefrontal CortexExperimental and Cognitive PsychologyReinforcement sensitivity theoryAmygdalaPsychopathological predisposition050105 experimental psychologyFrontostriatal circuitYoung Adult03 medical and health sciencesLimbic systemPunishmentRewardmedicineHumansPersonalityvoxel-based morphometry0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesfrontostriatal circuitVoxel-based morphometryVoxel-based morphometryCorpus Striatumpersonalitypsychopathological predisposition030217 neurology & neurosurgery
researchProduct

Harmonizing behavioral outcomes across studies, raters, and countries: application to the genetic analysis of aggression in the ACTION Consortium

2020

BACKGROUND: Aggression in children has genetic and environmental causes. Studies of aggression can pool existing datasets to include more complex models of social effects. Such analyses require large datasets with harmonized outcome measures. Here, we made use of a reference panel for phenotype data to harmonize multiple aggression measures in school-aged children to jointly analyze data from five large twin cohorts.METHODS: Individual level aggression data on 86,559 children (42,468 twin pairs) were available in five European twin cohorts measured by different instruments. A phenotypic reference panel was collected which enabled a model-based phenotype harmonization approach. A bi-factor i…

MaleNetherlands Twin Register (NTR)InternationalityTwinsInteractionGenetic analysisArticleintegrative data analysis/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/gender_equality03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineTwins DizygoticDevelopmental and Educational Psychologymedicine/dk/atira/pure/keywords/cohort_studies/netherlands_twin_register_ntr_developmental psychopathologyHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesSiblingChildtwin modelingSDG 5 - Gender EqualityAggressionSiblings05 social sciencesphenotype reference panelTwins MonozygoticSDG 10 - Reduced InequalitiesHeritabilitySocial relationAggressionPsychiatry and Mental healthSocial dynamicsPhenotypePediatrics Perinatology and Child Health/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/reduced_inequalitiesFemalemedicine.symptomPsychology030217 neurology & neurosurgeryDevelopmental psychopathology050104 developmental & child psychologyClinical psychology
researchProduct

Childhood aggression and the co-occurrence of behavioural and emotional problems: results across ages 3–16 years from multiple raters in six cohorts …

2018

Childhood aggression and its resulting consequences inflict a huge burden on affected children, their relatives, teachers, peers and society as a whole. Aggression during childhood rarely occurs in isolation and is correlated with other symptoms of childhood psychopathology. In this paper, we aim to describe and improve the understanding of the co-occurrence of aggression with other forms of childhood psychopathology. We focus on the co-occurrence of aggression and other childhood behavioural and emotional problems, including other externalising problems, attention problems and anxiety-depression. The data were brought together within the EU-ACTION (Aggression in Children: unravelling gene-…

MaleNetherlands Twin Register (NTR)aggressiivisuusPoison controlCHILDRENCBCLComorbidity3124 Neurology and psychiatryCohort Studies0302 clinical medicine3123 Gynaecology and paediatricsADOLESCENTSCo-occurrenceDevelopmental and Educational PsychologyChild and adolescent psychiatryChild10. No inequalitykomorbiditeettiOUTCOMESATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDERHERITABILITY05 social sciencesBIPOLAR DISORDERGeneral MedicineStrengths and Difficulties Questionnairetunne-elämän häiriötJustice and Strong InstitutionsAggressionPsychiatry and Mental healthConduct disorderDUTCH TWINSChild PreschoolFemalemedicine.symptomPsychology050104 developmental & child psychologyClinical psychologyCHARACTERISTIC CURVE ANALYSISmedicine.medical_specialtySDG 16 - PeaceAdolescent515 PsychologyChild psychopathologyChild Behavior Disorders03 medical and health sciencesMENTAL-DISORDERSInjury prevention/dk/atira/pure/keywords/cohort_studies/netherlands_twin_register_ntr_medicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesAffective SymptomsBehavioural and emotional problemsAggressionSDG 16 - Peace Justice and Strong Institutionslapsuusmedicine.disease/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/peace_justice_and_strong_institutionsChildhoodkäyttäytymishäiriötCONDUCT DISORDERPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthCo-occurence030217 neurology & neurosurgery
researchProduct

Can Brief, Daily Training Using a Mobile App Help Change Maladaptive Beliefs? Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial

2019

BackgroundObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling condition with a wide variety of clinical presentations including contamination fears, fear of harm, and relationship-related obsessions. Cognitive behavioral models of OCD suggest that OC symptoms result from catastrophic misinterpretations of commonly occurring intrusive experiences and associated dysfunctional strategies used to manage them. OCD-related maladaptive beliefs including inflated responsibility, importance and control of thoughts, perfectionism, and intolerance for uncertainty increase the likelihood of such misinterpretations. ObjectiveConsidering accumulating evidence suggesting that mobile health (mHealth) apps b…

MaleObsessive-Compulsive DisorderTime FactorsAdolescentmedicine.medical_treatmentHealth InformaticsFitness TrackersInformation technologymedicine.disease_causelaw.inventionYoung AdultRandomized controlled triallawobsessive compulsive disorderSurveys and Questionnairesmental disordersmedicineHumansStudentsExercisemobile appsOriginal PaperCross-Over Studiesbusiness.industryRepeated measures designmaladaptive beliefsPerfectionism (psychology)T58.5-58.64Mobile ApplicationsCrossover studyCognitive trainingMoodSpaincognitive therapyCognitive therapyFemalerelationshipsPublic aspects of medicineRA1-1270businessClinical psychologyPsychopathologyJMIR mHealth and uHealth
researchProduct

Intergenerational continuity in parents’ and adolescents’ externalizing problems: The role of life events and their interaction with GABRA2.

2015

We examine whether parental externalizing behavior has an indirect effect on adolescent externalizing behavior via elevations in life events, and whether this indirect effect is further qualified by an interaction between life events and adolescents’ GABRA2 genotype (rs279871). We use data from 2 samples: the Child Development Project (CDP; n = 324) and FinnTwin12 (n = 802). In CDP, repeated measures of life events, mother-reported adolescent externalizing, and teacher-reported adolescent externalizing were used. In FinnTwin12, life events and externalizing were assessed at age 14. Parental externalizing was indexed by measures of antisocial behavior and alcohol problems or alcohol dependen…

MaleParentsExternalizationAdolescentGenotypeTwinsPolymorphism Single NucleotideArticleDevelopmental psychologyLife Change EventsLife eventsmedicineHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseParent-Child RelationsChildta515AllelesBiological PsychiatryAggressionAntisocial personality disorderAlcohol dependenceAntisocial Personality DisorderReceptors GABA-Amedicine.diseaseModerationChild developmentTwin studyGene-environment interactionExternalizingAggressionAlcoholismIntergenerational continuityClinical PsychologyPsychiatry and Mental healthGABRA2FemaleGene-Environment Interactionmedicine.symptomPsychologyPsychopathologyJournal of Abnormal Psychology
researchProduct

Does clinically relevant psychopathology in adolescents necessarily require treatment or does it “grow out”?

2021

OBJECTIVE: To determine the treatment effect of psychodynamic therapy for adolescents in comparison to normative developmental progression in two groups without treatment: healthy adolescents and adolescents with juvenile diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a 3-wave longitudinal study, n = 531 adolescents (n = 303 treated adolescents, n = 119 healthy, n = 109 with diabetes) and their parents filled out psychopathology questionnaires (Youth Self-Report [YSR] and Child Behaviour Checklist [CBCL]). Growth curve modeling (GCM) was used to examine within-person change in psychopathology while controlling for stable between-person differences. RESULTS: GCM analyses revealed significant with…

MaleParentsResearch design050103 clinical psychologyLongitudinal studyPsychotherapistAdolescentCBCL03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineSurveys and QuestionnairesDiabetes mellitusmedicineHumans0501 psychology and cognitive sciencesLongitudinal StudiesPsychodynamic psychotherapyLatent growth modelingMental Disorders05 social sciencesmedicine.diseaseChecklist030227 psychiatryClinical PsychologySelf ReportPsychologyPsychopathologyClinical psychologyPsychotherapy Research
researchProduct

Communication Deviance in parents of families with adoptees at a high or low risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and its associations with attri…

2009

Communication Deviance (CD) in rearing parents is a known indicator of a psychopathology risk in the offspring, but the direction of the effects of these two factors on each other has remained an unresolved question. The purpose of the present study was to clarify this issue by assessing the relationship of CD in adoptive parents with certain attributes of the adoptee and adoptive parents themselves. The subjects were 109 adoptees at a high or low risk of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and their adoptive parents. Communication Deviance was measured in individual, spouse and family Rorschach situations. Thought disorders in the adoptees were assessed using the Thought Disorder Index. The v…

MaleParentsRiskRorschach testDevelopmental psychologyCommunication devianceAdoptionmedicineCognitive developmentHumansParent-Child RelationsBiological Psychiatryta515Family HealthPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesAnalysis of VarianceThought disorderSocial environmentPsychiatry and Mental healthSpouseCommunication DisordersSchizophreniaFemalemedicine.symptomPsychologyDeviance (sociology)PsychopathologyPsychiatry Research
researchProduct

The role of acute and chronic stress in asthma attacks in children.

2000

Background: High levels of stress have been shown to predict the onset of asthma in children genetically at risk, and to correlate with higher asthma morbidity. Our study set out to examine whether stressful experiences actually provoke new exacerbations in children who already have asthma.Methods: A group of child patients with verified chronic asthma were prospectively followed up for 18 months. We used continuous monitoring of asthma by the use of diaries and daily peak-flow values, accompanied by repeated interview assessments of life events and long-term psychosocial experiences. The key measures included asthma exacerbations, severely negative life events, and chronic stressors.Findin…

MalePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentSeverity of Illness Index03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRisk FactorsSeverity of illnessmedicineHumansChronic stress030212 general & internal medicineProspective StudiesRisk factorSex DistributionChildAsthmabusiness.industryStressorGeneral MedicineOdds ratiomedicine.diseaseAsthma3. Good healthLogistic Models030228 respiratory systemSocial ClassAir Pollution IndoorAcute DiseaseChronic DiseasePhysical therapyFemaleSeasonsbusinessPsychosocialStress PsychologicalPsychopathologyLancet (London, England)
researchProduct

Comparing Long-Acting Antipsychotic Discontinuation Rates Under Ordinary Clinical Circumstances: A Survival Analysis from an Observational, Pragmatic…

2021

Background Recent guidelines suggested a wider use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) than previously, but naturalistic data on the consequences of LAI use in terms of discontinuation rates and associated factors are still sparse, making it hard for clinicians to be informed on plausible treatment courses. Objective Our objective was to assess, under real-world clinical circumstances, LAI discontinuation rates over a period of 12 months after a first prescription, reasons for discontinuation, and associated factors. Methods The STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ was a naturalistic, multicentre, observational prospective study that enrolled subjects initiating a LAI without restrictions …

MalePediatricsrespectively)0302 clinical medicineDelayed-Action PreparationBrief Psychiatric Rating ScalePharmacology (medical)he STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in ItalyOriginal Research ArticleProspective StudiesProspective cohort studytreatmentMental DisordersHazard ratiowhereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5%Psychiatric Status Rating ScaleMiddle Agedside efectsPsychiatry and Mental healthItalyMental DisorderFemalehe STAR Network ‘Depot Study’ prospectively followed 394 subjects initiating treatment with long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics under naturalistic conditions for 12 months. LAI discontinuation was frequent in everyday clinical practice in Italy occurring in almost 40% of the entire sample; side efects participant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4% respectively) whereas more than half of participants initiating risperidone LAI and olanzapine LAI discontinued during the 12 months of follow-up (51.4 and 62.5% respectively). In multivariate analysis being prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation risk.HumanAntipsychotic Agentsmedicine.drugPsychopathologyAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyDiscontinuationFollow-Up StudieMedication Adherence03 medical and health sciencesmedicineHumansPaliperidoneAdverse effectSettore MED/25 - Psichiatriadiscontinuation ratesPsychiatric Status Rating Scalesrespectively). In multivariate analysisbusiness.industryLong-Acting Antipsychoticlong-acting injectable antipsychoticsSurvival AnalysisConfidence intervalparticipant refusal to continue LAIs and LAIs no longer being required were the most frequently reported reasons for discontinuation. Paliperidone LAI and aripiprazole LAI were the least discontinued medications (33.9 and 35.4%030227 psychiatryDiscontinuationProspective StudieAntipsychotic Agentoccurring in almost 40% of the entire sampleDelayed-Action PreparationsNeurology (clinical)business030217 neurology & neurosurgerybeing prescribed olanzapine LAI and poor medication adherence at baseline were signifcantly associated with higher discontinuation riskFollow-Up Studies
researchProduct

Analysis of Personal and Family Factors in the Persistence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results of a Prospective Follow-Up Study in C…

2015

Objectives To study the course of ADHD during childhood and analyze possible personal and family predictor variables of the results. Method Sixty-one children with ADHD who were between 6 and 12 years old at the baseline assessment were evaluated 30 months later (mean age at baseline: 8.70 ± 1.97; mean age at follow-up: 10.98 ± 2.19). Status of ADHD in follow-up was identified as persistent (met DSM-IV-TR criteria according to parents’ and teachers’ ratings), contextually persistent (met ADHD criteria according to one informant, and there was functional impairment) and remitted ADHD (with subthreshold clinical symptomatology). Associated psychological disorders of the three groups were anal…

MalePersistence (psychology)medicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentChild psychopathologyconduct problemslcsh:Medicinepredict futurebehavioral disciplines and activitiesRating scalemental disordersmedicineHumansAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderProspective Studieslcsh:ScienceChildPsychiatryProspective cohort studydeficit/hyperactivity disorderriskMultidisciplinaryWorking memorybusiness.industrylcsh:Radhd symptomsmedicine.diseaseComorbidityboysClinical trialcomorbidityAttention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivityyoung-childrenimpactlcsh:QFemaleadolescencebusinessResearch ArticleFollow-Up StudiesPLOS ONE
researchProduct