Search results for "Psychopathology"

Psychometric Evaluation of the Eating Disorder Examination Adapted for Children

2013

The Eating Disorder Examination adapted for children (ChEDE) is the child version of the semi-structured gold standard eating disorder interview for adults. This study was a comprehensive test statistic evaluation of the German ChEDE in a large sample of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa, binge eating disorder, loss of control eating, overweight and obesity, as well as non-eating-disordered and chronically ill control probands (n = 352). Excellent inter-rater reliability, adequate internal consistency and satisfactory stability of ChEDE indicators were demonstrated. ChEDE indicators discriminated between diverse forms of eating and weight disturbances and normative eating and w…

P-869 - „Two great masqueraders” in a psychiatry clinic - case series of neurosyphilis and neuroborreliosis

2012

Background Neurosyphilis can develop at any stage of syphilis despite of previously recieved treatment, and it can mimic any neuropschychiatric disorder. The psychopathology of neuroborreliosis is less described. Objectives To describe the cases of schizophrenia - like psychosis in patients with these hronic neuroinfections. Methods and materials Retrospective chart review study of five inmates (four with neurosyphilis and one with neuroborreliosis) was performed. Results Psychiatric histories of two females (45 and 49 y.o.) and three males (31, 40, 45 y.o.) are achieved. In four cases they were initially misdiagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia and in one case - as a persistent alcoholic hal…

2021

To foster understanding in the psychopathology of patients with anorexia nervosa (PAN) at the psychological and physiological level, standardized experimental studies on reliable biomarkers are needed, especially due to the lack of disorder-specific samples. To this end, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to a psychosocial stressor was investigated in n = 19 PAN (BMI: 18.7 ± 3.3 kg/m2), age, and gender-matched to n = 19 healthy controls (HC; BMI: 24.23 ± 3.0 kg/m2). For this purpose, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were assessed in a cross-sectional study design under two experimental conditions: (1) rest and (2) stress (Trier Social Stress Test). In add…

Opioid tolerance and dependence -- do they matter?

2004

The use of opioids has long been accepted as the standard of care in patients with cancer and acute pain. Opioids can further be used effectively in specific subgroups of patients with chronic nonmalignant pain states. While the development of tolerance and physical dependence are known effects of opioids in cancer and noncancer pain populations, these patients can not be regarded as addicted. However, long-term therapy with short-acting opioids predisposes to tolerance and addiction. Recent research has confirmed the important role of psychopathologic and psychosocial conditions as predictors of failed opioid effectiveness in a significant number of noncancer pain subgroups. The clinical p…

No relationship between baseline salivary alpha-amylase and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Score in drug-naïve patients with short-illness-duration fi…

2016

BACKGROUND Salivary α-amylase (sAA) activity alternations are observed in major depressive disorder (MDD) being associated with depression severity and its specific psychopathological dimensions with anxiety being attributed to distress. No data is available on sAA in MDD according to Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The exploratory study examines whether and to what extent baseline sAA level is interrelated to the psychopathological features including severity of symptoms and specific psychopathological dimensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The basal, non-stimulated sAA activity was studied in 20 non-late-life adult, treatment-naive MDD pa…

188. Does Cannabis Use Worsen Psychotic Symptom Presentation?

2017

Background: While the relationship between cannabis and psychosis is well established, there is a lack of studies into whether cannabis use is associated with a particular pattern of symptoms at psychosis onset. Moreover, there is much evidence that psychotic experiences are common in the healthy population, and again their relationship with exposure to cannabis has been scarcely studied. We hypothesized that psychopathology in first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), and psychotic experiences in controls, would be qualitatively and quantitatively affected by pattern of cannabis use.

Listado de síntomas breve (short checklist of symptoms) in Argentinean adults: Psychometric study of its main clinical scales

2016

The main objective of this research was studying the psychometric properties of the Listado de síntomas breve (short checklist of symptoms; LSB-50) in a sample of 994 Argentinean adults (49.9% females; 50.1% males). Mean age was 40.66 years (standard deviation=17.01; Min=18; Max=89). This screening test has seven main clinical scales: hypersensitivity, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, hostility, somatization, depression, and sleep disturbance. Pearson correlations indicated that all scales had positive and mostly moderate associations. The second order confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for a hierarchical model where all scales loaded in one major factor. Internal consistency by C…

Trastorno mental y tipo de sustancia consumida: estudio piloto sobre la utilización de la Entrevista de Cribado de Patología Dual (ECDD)

2017

Introduction: Dual pathology defines an illness case when a substance abuse disorder and a mental disorder simultaneously affect an individual patient. Both disorders influence each other, mutually, that its recommended what recommends to treat them together. Objective: to analyse the psychopatologic character and its association with different types of substances, evaluated through the Dual Pathology Screening interview (ECDD). Method: the participants were 63 patients between 18 and 45 years, with an average age of 37.7 years (SD = 9.6), assisted in the Unit of Addictive Behaviours of a Valencia town. The sociodemographic variables, clinical and toxycologic, were evaluated through the que…

Personality and Defence Mechanisms in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

2017

IntroductionTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is an acute cardiologic syndrome, characterized by specific symptoms and ECG, echocardiographic and enzymatic abnormalities, similar to an acute myocardial infarction, with no hemodynamically significant stenosis at coronary-ventriculography.ObjectiveTo assess personality in TC patients in order to find common psychopathological elements.MethodsA series of consecutive patients suffering from TC hospitalized at the Cardiology Unit of “Ingrassia” Hospital in Palermo in 2013–2014, were included in the study. We used Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and II, according to DSM-IV TR criteria. Further, the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI), used in…

High utilizers of medical care

2004

Abstract Objective Patients with somatoform disorders (SFD) are likely to overutilize healthcare services. This study investigates (a) whether extraordinarily high medical costs can be predicted from patient characteristics or psychopathology, and (b) whether high-utilizing patients respond differently to cognitive–behavioral treatment. Methods We compared 42 SFD high utilizers with 53 SFD average utilizers and 29 patients suffering from other than SFD mental disorders. High utilization was defined by healthcare expenditures of ≥€2500 during the past 2 years. Costs were computed from medical and billing records of health insurance companies. Somatization distress, hypochondriasis, depressio…