Search results for "Psychopathy"
showing 9 items of 29 documents
International survey of violence risk assessment practices
2016
International audience; Objective Mental health professionals are routinely called upon to assess the violence risk presented by their patients, frequently aided by structured instruments. Though surveys of risk assessment and management have been conducted, these efforts have been largely circumscribed to individual countries and have not compared the practices of members of different professional disciplines. Method A web-based survey was developed to examine the international use of structured instruments in the violence risk assessment process across five continents and to compare the perceived utility of such instruments by psychologists, psychiatrists, and nurses. The survey was trans…
Reward and punishment: investigating cortico-bulbar excitability to disclose the value of goods
2013
A continuing challenge for neuroscientists is to develop new conceptual tools and methodologies for understanding, predicting and modelling the influences of rewarding/punishing outcomes on human behaviour and decision making. Reinforcement shapes behaviours from the most primitive (fight/flight, ingest/regurgitate, approach/avoid) to complex (buy/sell). Understanding the neural processes underlying reinforcement is critical for understanding economic and social decision-making. Moreover, comprehension of deranged processing and responses to reinforcing stimuli is crucial across a range of psychology fields and society as a whole, including psychiatric and neurological illness, eating disor…
Honest mistake or perhaps not: The role of descriptive and injunctive norms on the magnitude of dishonesty
2021
Trivial acts of dishonesty are very prevalent in everyday life and have severe economic and societal consequences. The present study aims to examine the role of descriptive and injunctive norms in minor and major dishonesty under ambiguity. We devised a novel experimental design in which rule violations can be the result of honest mistakes or various dishonest processes. In this ambiguous context, we observed a high prevalence of minor rule violations at baseline. In two experiments, exposure to increased peer cheating (i.e., negative descriptive norms) promoted major rule violations, whereas the presence of explicit or subtle rule reminders (i.e., injunctive norms) marginally reduced minor…
Triarhiskās psihopātijas pazīmju dzimumatšķirības
2020
Pētījuma mērķis ir izanalizēt zinātnisko literatūru un noskaidrot vai pastāv triarhiskās psihopātijas pazīmju dzimumatšķirības. Pētījuma izlasi veidoja 63 pilngadīgi respondent ar dažādu izglītības līmeni, kuriem tika dota Triarhiskā psihopātijas aptauja. Izlase tika sadalīta divās grupās- 33 vīrieši un 30 sievietes. Salīdzinot rezultātus tika noskaidrots, ka drosmes un disinhibīcijas skalās nepastāv statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības starp vīriešu un sieviešu grupu, savukārt zemiskuma skalā statistiksi nozīmīgas dzimumatšķirības pastāv, vīriešiem ir krietni augstāki rezultāti nekā sievietēm. Iegūtie rezultāti ir saskaņā ar iepriekšējiem pētījumiem.
The relationship between Gray's and Eysenck's personality spaces
1993
In a sample of 171 healthy volunteers, the present study examined the relationships between questionnaire measures of trait anxiety, punishment sensitivity, and impulsivity with the measures from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). This was undertaken in order to explore the relative location of the personality dimensions central to the ideas of Gray and Eysenck. Results confirmed that the behavioural inhibition personality dimension (anxiety) lies at a non-negligible angle relative to neuroticism (N) especially when measured via special purpose questionnaires. This dimension also appeared largely independent of psychoticism (P) which suggests limits on the importance of a hypoacti…
Are Online Haters Psychopaths? Psychological Predictors of Online Hating Behavior
2020
Despite growing prevalence of derogatory online behaviors, still little is known about psychological factors underlying this negative phenomenon. In the present study, we aimed to compare characteristics of persons who post hating and non-hating comments about Polish sports players during Winter Olympic Games in Pyeongchang (2018) on the Internet. Ninety-four Internet users (41% women) participated in the study, among which 46 posted hating comments. After one month, participants were invited to take part in a psychological survey, and filled the Dark Triad questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Scale of Frustration, and the Scale of Envy. Results showed that high scores in Ps…
Mafia and psychopathy
2014
Background In popular culture, Mafia members are often portrayed as ruthless, callous and remorseless, but there is no empirical research on their personality traits. Aims The goal of this research was to examine levels of psychopathic traits among Mafia members who have been convicted of a criminal offence. Methods The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) rated 30 Italian adult male prisoners who had been convicted for Mafia-related crimes (86% resident in one 6-month period) and 39 next adjacent convicted men who were not enrolled in any criminal organisation. Results Mafia members obtained lower PCL-R total scores, interpersonal and affective (PCL-R factor 1) scores and lifestyle scores…
The Psychopathy Checklist and non-violent offender groups
1992
Cleckley’s concept of psychopathy includes characteristics such as superficial charm, unreliability, and affective poverty. In this study, the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) and personality questionnaires (MMPI, CPI, EPQ, and SSS) were used to assess 92 non-violent male offenders. The variable-based approach was applied in order to study the structure of the PCL and the relationships between the PCL, the PCL factors and the personality questionnaire scores. The results indicated that the personality scale scores failed to correlate positively with the PCL score, with the exception of the MMPI hypomania score. Two PCL factors emerged: factor 1 related to the core personality characteristics of …
Jacy ludzie mogą liczyć na wsparcie? Ciemna triada i konwersacyjna niebezpośredniość jako predyktory wsparcia społecznego
2020
W przedstawionym badaniu wzięło udział 118 osób – 48 mężczyzn i 70 kobiet, w wieku między 18. a 65. rokiem życia (M = 24,70; SD = 10,90). Rekrutacji osób badanych dokonano za pomocą metody kuli śnieżnej drogą internetową. Głównym celem badania była eksploracja potencjalnych predyktorów wsparcia społecznego – ciemnej triady, czyli konstruktu, na który składają się trzy cechy uznawane za niepożądane: psychopatia, makiawelizm i narcyzm, a także stylu konwersacyjnej niebezpośredniości, czyli skłonności zarówno do generowania wypowiedzi, w których ukryte są jakieś treści, jak i do doszukiwania się niejawnych komunikatów w wypowiedziach innych. Dodatkowo sprawdzono, czy między zmiennymi wyjaśniaj…