Search results for "Public aspects of medicine"
showing 10 items of 481 documents
Distributions and determinants of urinary biomarkers of organophosphate pesticide exposure in a prospective Spanish birth cohort study
2017
Background: Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) has been associated with impaired child development. Pesticide exposure determinants need to be studied in order to identify sources and pathways of pesticide exposure. The aim of this paper is to describe prenatal exposure to OPs and evaluate the associated factors in pregnant women. Methods: The study population consisted of pregnant women ( n = 573) who participated in the INMA birth cohort study in Valencia (Spain, 2003 – 2006). OP metabolites were analyzed in maternal urine at the 32nd week of gestation using a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry method. The analysis included non-specific (diethyl pho…
Tracking of fruit, vegetables and unhealthy snacks consumption from childhood to adulthood (15 year period): does exposure to a free school fruit pro…
2019
Background The rationale for promoting increased consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) at an early age is based on results from previous tracking-studies, indicating that dietary habits learned in childhood sustain into adulthood. Previous tracking studies have several limitations (e.g. low study sample, few repeated measurements and/or short a follow-up period). In addition, to our knowledge, no study has shown that a dietary intervention initiated in childhood affects tracking of dietary behaviour. The main objectives in this study were therefore to assess tracking of FV and unhealthy snacks in a large sample with multiple follow-up surveys over 15-years, and whether exposure to free s…
Negative and Positive Affect Regulation in a Transdiagnostic Internet-Based Protocol for Emotional Disorders: Randomized Controlled Trial
2021
Background Emotional disorders (EDs) are among the most prevalent mental disorders. Existing evidence-based psychological treatments are not sufficient to reduce the disease burden of mental disorders. It is therefore essential to implement innovative solutions to achieve a successful dissemination of psychological treatment protocols, and in this regard, the use of information and communication technologies such as the internet can be very useful. Furthermore, the literature suggests that not everyone with an ED receives the appropriate treatment. This situation has led to the development of new intervention proposals based on the transdiagnostic perspective, which attempts to address the…
Social factors related to the clinical severity of influenza cases in Spain during the A (H1N1) 2009 virus pandemic
2013
Abstract Background During the 2009 influenza pandemic, a change in the type of patients most often affected by influenza was observed. The objective of this study was to assess the role of individual and social determinants in hospitalizations due to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection. Methods We studied hospitalized patients (cases) and outpatients (controls) with confirmed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables that might be related to the hospitalization of influenza cases were compared by estimation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the variables entered into binomial logistic regression models. Resu…
Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFRs) travelers and imported malaria in the Palermo district (Sicily).
2014
Abstract Introduction. Although Italy has been malaria-free since 1970, the infection is commonly introduced into the country by travelers and immigrants from endemic areas. The term VFRs refers to immigrants from malaria-endemic countries who are regularly resident in a malaria-free area, and who travel to their countries of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFRs). This group is at special risk of malaria as they are unaware of having lost their transitory immunity to the disease. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study at the International Travelers Department of Palermo (Italy), examining records of malaria cases (67) reported over the period from 1998 to 2013. Results. VFRs rep…
Preferences of Physical Education Profiles Among Polish Adolescents
2020
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of preferred profiles of Physical Education (PE) classes with gender and school level among Polish adolescents. In the cross-sectional survey study, participated 1,340 Polish students (including 50% of girls), attending middle and high schools, aged between 13–19 years old. The participants selected one of four preferred profiles of PE classes. The majority (n = 845, 63%) of students participated in PE for "fun – pleasure – entertainment", whereas only one third of students (n = 419, 31%) preferred "exercise – sweat – fitness" as a profile of PE classes. The preference of "fun – pleasure – entertainment" decreased about 41% for boys a…
Screen time among Spanish university students with disabilities: a self-organizing maps analysis
2019
Abstract Background:Screen time can play a significant role in the health and quality of life of people with disabilities.However, there is a lack of studies on this issue among people with disabilities, and even fewer in the universitysetting. Thus, the aim of our study was to explore the relationships between screen time, disability grade, bodymass index (BMI), physical activity and sociodemographic variables (gender and socioeconomic status) in universitystudents with different disabilities. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 1091 students with disabilities from 55 Spanishuniversities. Instruments used for data gathering were the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Qu…
The epidemiology of Varicella Zoster Virus infection in Italy
2008
Abstract Background The epidemiological importance of varicella and zoster and the availability of an efficacious and safe vaccine have led to an important international debate regarding the suitability of mass vaccination. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiology of varicella and zoster in Italy and to determine whether there have been changes with respect to observations provided by an analogous study conducted 8 years ago, in order to define the most appropriate vaccination strategy. Methods A number of data sources were evaluated, a cross-sectional population-based seroprevalence study was conducted on samples collected in 2004, and the results were compared with data…
Physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages, whole grain bread and insomnia among adolescents and psychological distress in adulthood: prospective d…
2021
Abstract Background In this study, we examined the relationship between low levels of physical activity, high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and low consumption of whole grain bread and experiencing insomnia in adolescence and psychological distress in young adults. Methods This prospective study was based on information retrieved from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Norway and included adolescents (age 13–19) participating in Young-HUNT3 (2006–2008) and in HUNT4 (2017–2019) 11 years later (age 23–31). The study sample consisted of 2,230 participants (1,287 females and 943 males). The exposure variables collected in adolescence included self-reported physical activity, consum…
Overcommitment as a predictor of effort-reward imbalance: evidence from an 8-year follow-up study.
2016
Objective The effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model includes the personal characteristic of overcommitment (OC) and the job-related characteristics of effort, reward, and ERI, all of which are assumed to play a role in an employee’s health and well-being at work. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to shed more light on the dynamics of the ERI model by investigating the basic hypotheses related to the role of OC in the model, ie, to establish whether an employee’s OC could be a risk factor for an increased experience of high effort, low reward, and high ERI at work. Methods The study was based on 5-wave, 8-year follow-up data collected among Finnish professionals in 2006 (T1, N=747)…