Search results for "Public expenditure"
showing 8 items of 28 documents
Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations: The Efficiency Effect of Taxes, Transfers, and Fiscal Illusion
2012
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency cost of transfers. To this end, we develop a model of individual demand decisions about the provision of a regional public good that encompasses a continuum of tax–transfer scenarios to finance regional public expenditure. We assume that individuals have identical quasi-linear preferences defined over private consumption and the regional public good, that endowment income varies between individuals and regions, and that regions have different predetermined sizes. In an economy-wide resource constrained framework we show that, despite its simplicity, this model is capable of discriminating the efficiency properties of the different scen…
Government Size, the Role of Commitments*
2011
We explore the hypothesis that long-term commitments affect the dynamics of government expenditure. With the aid of a simple median-voter model we interpret the pattern of increasing-then-constant tax rates observed in OECD countries in the second half of the last century: persistence of public expenditure and a lower bound on new interventions will push government size upward, and preferences of the electorate put a halt to this growth at some point. In this view, the fiscal policy variable is seen to consist of only a part of the total expenditure, the rest being predetermined by its past level.
Causes of Public Expenditure Inefficiency and Proposals for Their Streamlining
2020
The public sector has continually developed, as new needs of the population have been identified and the expectations of the population regarding the quantity and the quality of the provided services have already been rising. Unlike private management, the public administration has not always been concerned with the way results have been achieved, but, particularly with the results themselves, and, as long as these have been satisfying for the population, the resources employed for obtaining the results were of no much concern. The public administration monopoly in the provision of some services has led to the possibility of generating imbalances between the quality of the provided services…
Reconstructing Care Professionalism in Finland
2015
The public sector plays a special role in the Nordic welfare states through its commitment to the principle of universalism, and in relation to social security and publicly funded services in education, health and care (Rostgaard 2002). In the 21st century, the impact of economic austerity on public resources and a rapid aging of the population have forced welfare states to undergo an extreme reform. In Finland, the reform has meant streamlining the state, restraining public expenditure and recalibrating the universalistic ideals behind the Nordic welfare state model, as well as introducing new management models (Pollitt & Bouckaert 2011). The managerial reforms implemented in Finland have …
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES FOR DEVELOPMENT - THEIR ROLE IN OVERCOMING THE ECONOMIC CRISIS AND ALIGNMENT OF ROMANIA TO EUROPEAN UNION REQUIREMENTS
2011
This paper analyses the role of public capital expenditure in Romania. There were identified two important roles of public expenditures for development in Romania, currently: levers for overcoming the economic crisis, and a means to align Romania to European Union requirements stipulated in the revised Lisbon Strategy. The analysis concluded that these expenses, although with a relative value twice the EU average, experienced a strong downward trend with the economic crisis, so as they have not contributed to economic recovery. Regarding the second role, matching the EU requirements in development, has not been reached. This is demonstrated by the Lisbon index, according to which in 2008 Ro…
L'attività normativa del Governo nel periodo 2013-2016
2021
L’articolo descrive l’attività normativa del governo nel periodo 2013-2016. Sono proseguiti gli sforzi dell’esecutivo nell’azione di contenimento della spesa, finalizzata a conseguire la correzione sostanziale e duratura dell’andamento dei conti pubblici. Poco rilevanti, al contrario, sono stati gli interventi in materia di liberalizzazione e di decentramento delle funzioni amministrative. Non si registrano progressi rilevanti in relazione alle politiche di privatizzazione. In compenso, è stato dato un maggiore impulso all’attività di produzione e razionalizzazione delle normative, con l’adozione di ulteriori riforme in materia di semplificazione amministrativa. The article describes the le…
RECONSIDERING THE FUNDING SOURCES FOR THE HEALTH SYSTEM IN ROMANIA
2010
An optimal health system must ensure that all citizens have free access to medical services, and to determine the effective use of funds. We therefore reach the conclusion that the health financing system that best meets the optimal criteria is the public one. We believe that a system of public health funding should be based not only on contributions, but also on funding from the state budget; therefore it should combine the two public sources. If it were based solely on contributions, then the earnings should be volatile towards the economic cyclicality, and would not ensure the fiscal sustainability of the system. The private health financing system should be based on private insurances, …
Upoważnienie do dokonywania wydatków – problemy definicyjne w zakresie odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych
2021
Jednym z podstawowych naruszeń podlegających odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych jest dokonanie wydatku ze środków publicznych bez upoważnienia albo z przekroczeniem upoważnienia określonego w stosownych aktach planowania finansowego. Ustawa o odpowiedzialności za naruszenie dyscypliny finansów publicznych nie zawiera jednak definicji pojęć, którymi posługuje się ustawodawca przy penalizacji czynów. Odsyła w tym zakresie do określeń w znaczeniu nadanym ustawą o finansach publicznych. Taki zabieg legislacyjny w odniesieniu do zakresu odesłania, jak również trudności wynikających z możliwości ustalenia znaczenia tych pojęć w ustawie o finansach publicznych powoduje…