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Correlation between mortality trends of ischaemic cardiopathy and some nutritional factors in Spain 1968?1986
1992
After describing the evolution of mortality from ischaemic cardiopathy (IC) in Spain from 1951 to 1986, which is tending to stabilize in some age groups, and from cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), which is clearly declining, an attempt is made to relate these developments to the prevalence of the main risk factors (hypertension, cholesterol, tobacco) associated with IC and CVA. Certain advances, though of a limited number, have been made in recent years in the control of arterial hypertension in Spain, although campaigns on a national scale as in other countries have not been carried out. Regarding alimentary factors, there is an obvious increase in the consumption of food rich in proteins a…
Long-term outcomes of short-term and long-term psychosomatic inpatient treatment and their predictors
2007
Abstract Objectives The Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy at the University Giessen, Germany, offers short-term (STT) and long-term inpatient therapy (LTT). Methods In a prospective, 3-year follow-up study, we examined therapeutic indication, short- and long-term results, outcome predictors, and the utilization of aftercare for both settings. Results STT patients were more frequently acutely ill, suffered from stronger symptomatic manifestations, and were more frequently employed. LTT patients had a greater rate of chronic psychosomatic disorders, personality disorders and somatic comorbidity. In both settings, distress strongly declined during inpatient therapy and remain…
Parental food-related behaviors and family meal frequencies: associations in Norwegian dyads of parents and preadolescent children.
2012
Background: Frequent family meals are associated with healthy dietary behaviors and other desirable outcomes in children and adolescents. Therefore, increased knowledge about factors that may increase the occurrence of family meals is warranted. The present study has its focus on the home food environment, and aims to explore potential associations between parent-reported feeding behaviors and child-reported family meal frequencies. Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were performed among 10-12-year-olds and their parents recruited from eighteen schools in southwest Norway. The child questionnaire included measures of family meal frequencies (breakfast, dinner and supper). The parent questionn…
Effects of explosive type strength training on physical performance characteristics in cross-country skiers.
1991
To investigate the effects of a combination of simultaneous strength and endurance training on selected neuromuscular and aerobic performance characteristics seven male cross-country skiers underwent training for a period of 6 weeks. The experimental group trained 6-9 times per week with a programme consisting of 34% explosive type strength training and 66% endurance training during the first 3 weeks of the experiment and 42% and 58% respectively during the last 3 weeks of the experiment. The total volume of training of the control group (eight skiers) was of the same magnitude but consisted of 85% pure endurance training and 15% endurance type strength training. The experimental training r…
Effect of electromyostimulation training on soleus and gastrocnemii H- and T-reflex properties.
2003
When muscle is artificially activated, as with electromyostimulation (EMS), action potentials are evoked in both intramuscular nerve branches and cutaneous receptors, therefore activating spinal motoneurons reflexively. Maximal soleus and gastrocnemii H- and T-reflex and the respective mechanical output were thus quantified to examine possible neural adaptations induced at the spinal level by EMS resistance training. Eight subjects completed 16 sessions of isometric EMS (75 Hz) over a 4-week period. Maximal soleus and gastrocnemii M wave (M(max)), H reflex (H(max)) and T reflex (T(max)) were compared between before and after training, together with the corresponding plantar flexor peak twit…
Muscle metabolic profile and oxygen transport capacity as determinants of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds
1988
Aerobic and anaerobic thresholds determined by different methods in repeated exercise tests were correlated with cardiorespiratory variables and variables of muscle metabolic profile in 33 men aged 20–50 years. Aerobic threshold was determined from blood lactate, ventilation, and respiratory gas exchange by two methods (AerT1 and AerT2) and anaerobic threshold from venous lactate (AnTLa), from ventilation and gas exchange (AnTr) and by using the criterion of 4 mmol·l−1 of venous lactate (AnT4mmol). In addition to ordinary correlative analyses, applications of LISREL models were used. The 8 explanatory variables chosen for the regression analyses were height, relative heart volume, relative …
A new method for the evaluation of anaerobic running power in athletes.
1993
A new maximal anaerobic running power (MARP) test was developed. It consisted of n.20-s runs on a treadmill with a 100-s recovery between the runs. During the first run the treadmill speed was 3.97 m.s-1 and the gradient 5 degrees. The speed of the treadmill was increased by 0.35 m.s-1 for each consecutive run until exhaustion. The height of counter-movement jumps and blood lactate concentration ([la-]b) were measured after each run. Submaximal ([la-]b = 3 mmol.l-1 and 10 mmol.l-1) and maximal speed and power (W3mmol, W10mmol and Wmax, respectively) were calculated and W was expressed in oxygen equivalents according to the American College of Sports Medicine equation. Thirteen male athletes…
Effects of power training on mechanical efficiency in jumping.
2003
The present study investigates the effects of power training on mechanical efficiency (ME) in jumping. Twenty-three subjects, including ten controls, volunteered for the study. The experimental group trained twice a week for 15 weeks performing various jumping exercises such as drop jumps, hurdle jumps, hopping and bouncing. In the maximal jumping test, the take-off velocity increased from 2.56 (0.24) m.s(-1) to 2.77 (0.18) m.s(-1) ( P<0.05). In the submaximal jumping of 50% of the maximum, energy expenditure decreased from 660 (110) to 502 (68) J.kg(-1).min(-1) ( P<0.001) while, simultaneously, ME increased from 37.2 (8.4)% to 47.4 (8.2)% ( P<0.001). Some muscle enzyme activities of the ga…
Enzyme activities in muscle and connective tissue of M. vastus lateralis in habitually training and sedentary 33 to 70-year-old men
1975
A cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the activities of certain enzymes representing aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism as well as the biosynthesis of collagen of M. vastus lateralis in 23 male endurance athletes in habitual training, aged 33 to 70 years. 23 sedentary healthy men of corresponding ages were selected for the control group. The mean maximal oxygen uptake of the trained subjects was 53.6 ml · kg−1 · min−1 and that of the control subjects 36.3 ml · kg−1 · min−1. As compared to the control group the trained subjects had significantly higher values in the muscle malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and prolyl hydroxylase activities, whereas the opposite …
Lipid metabolism during exercise I: Physiological and biochemical characterization of normal healthy male subjects in relation to their physical fitn…
1978
On the basis of maximal oxygen uptake (\(\dot V\)O2 max) 18 normal, healthy men were divided into two groups of equal size: moderately trained subjects (MTR) each having \(\dot V\)O2 max below 65.0 ml·min−1·kg−1 body weight (54.0±8.3) and well trained subjects (WTR), whose \(\dot V\)O2 max exceeded 65.0 ml·min−1·kg−1 body weight (69.2±4.1). The WTR group had slightly (non significant, n.s.) higher percentage of slow twitch, oxidative (SO) fibers in M. vastus lateralis and higher (n.s.) activities of cytochrome c oxidase (CytOx), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HADH), and citrate synthase (CS), while lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was lower (n.s.). In th…