Search results for "Pulmonary Disease"

Efficacy and safety of indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD patients according to dyspnoea severity.

2013

Background Guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recommend that treatment choices be based partly on symptoms. Methods A post-hoc analysis of pooled data from clinical studies compared the efficacy and safety of once-daily inhaled bronchodilators indacaterol (150 and 300 μg) and open-label tiotropium (18 μg) according to baseline dyspnoea severity on the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale in patients with COPD (mMRC scores <2 = ‘less dyspnoea’; scores ≥2 = ‘more dyspnoea’). Outcomes were assessed after 26 weeks. Results The analysis included 3177 patients. In patients with less dyspnoea: indacaterol (both doses) improved 24-h post-dose (‘trough’) forced exp…

Roflumilast N-oxide inhibits bronchial epithelial to mesenchymal transition induced by cigarette smoke in smokers with COPD.

2014

Abstract Background Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is under discussion as a potential mechanism of small airway remodelling in COPD. In bronchial epithelium of COPD and smokers markers of EMT were described. In vitro, EMT may be reproduced by exposing well-differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (WD-HBEC) to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). EMT may be mitigated by an increase in cellular cAMP. Objective This study explored the effects of roflumilast N-oxide, a PDE4 inhibitor on CSE-induced EMT in WD-HBEC and in primary bronchial epithelial cells from smokers and COPD in vitro. Methods WD-HBEC from normal donors were stimulated with CSE (2.5%) for 72 h in presence of roflum…

Future Directions in the Pharmacologic Therapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2005

Current therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fails to alter its relentless progression. This remains a significant challenge and unmet need. A recent advance is the demonstration that treatment with a fixed dose of an inhaled corticosteroid and a long-acting beta2-agonist in COPD improves lung function and quality of life, and reduces exacerbation more effectively than either drug alone. Other improvements include the introduction of tiotropium, a once-daily anticholinergic. In advanced clinical development are other once-daily bronchodilators and combinations of anticholinergic drugs and beta2-agonists. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD has led to nove…

Choose Your Country to Preserve Your Quality of Life

2011

Quantitative analysis of airway obstruction in lymphangioleiomyomatosis

2020

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, cystic lung disease with progressive pulmonary function loss caused by progressively proliferating LAM cells. The degree of airway obstruction has not been well investigated within the pathogenesis of LAM. Using a combination of ex vivo computed tomography (CT), microCT and histology, the site and nature of airway obstruction in LAM explant lungs was compared with matched control lungs (n=5 each). The total number of airways per generation, total airway counts, terminal bronchioles number and surface density were compared in LAM versus control. Ex vivo CT analysis demonstrated a reduced number of airways from generation 7 on (p<0.0001) in LAM compar…

[Methodologic and clinical aspects of the determination of glutathione in induced sputum in bronchopulmonary diseases].

2003

Aclidinium inhibits cholinergic and tobacco smoke-induced MUC5AC in human airways.

2010

Mucus hypersecretion and mucin MUC5AC overexpression are pathological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examines the inhibitory effect of aclidinium, a new long-acting muscarinic antagonist, on MUC5AC expression in human airway epithelial cells. MUC5AC mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein expression (ELISA and immunohistochemistry) were studied in human bronchial tissue and differentiated human airway epithelial cells activated with carbachol (100 μM) or cigarette smoke extract in the absence or presence of aclidinium. Carbachol increased MUC5AC mRNA and protein expression in human bronchus and cultured epithelial cells. Aclidinium inhibited the carbachol-induced MUC…

High Flow Nasal Therapy Use in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD and Bronchiectasis: A Feasibility Study

2020

The efficacy and feasibility of high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) use in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and bronchiectasis is unknown. We performed a single-center, single-arm prospective observational study in patients with AECOPD, documented bronchiectasis, pH &gt;= 7.35, respiratory rate (RR) &gt;= 26 breaths/minute despite receiving maximal medical treatment and oxygen via face mask up to 10 L/m. Patients received HFNT (Airvo 2, Fisher &amp; Paykel) at a gas flow of 50 L/min and FIO2 adjusted to maintain SpO(2) &gt;= 92%. Dyspnea, rated by Borg scale, RR, arterial blood gases and mucus production (ranging from 1 to 3) were collected befor…

Neutrophil activation in severe, early-onset COPD patients versus healthy non-smoker subjects in vitro: effects of antioxidant therapy.

2011

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Neutrophils and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. Severe, early-onset COPD is characterized by a rapid decline in the lung function at an early age; however, nothing is known about neutrophil activation in COPD patients. &lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral blood neutrophil activation in severe, early-onset COPD patients versus healthy non-smokers and the effect of N-acetyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-cysteine (NAC) on neutrophil activation in vitro. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Neutrophils were isolated from 15 severe, early-onset COPD patients and 15 age-matched healthy subjects and stimulat…

Satisfaction with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment: results from a multicenter, observational study

2019

Background: Understanding the level of patients’ satisfaction with treatment and its determinants have the potential to impact therapeutic management and clinical outcome in chronic conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: A national, multicenter, longitudinal, observational study of COPD from 20 Italian pulmonary centers to explore patients’ satisfaction to treatment [assessed by the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, 9 items (TSQM-9)] and association with clinical parameters [including dyspnea score, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, exacerbation rate], adherence to treatment [Morisky Medication-Taking Adherence Scale (MMAS-4)], illness perception [eval…