Search results for "Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"

Endurance training: Is it bad for you?

2016

Educational aims To illustrate the characteristics of endurance exercise training and its positive effects on health. To provide an overview on the effects of endurance training on airway cells and bronchial reactivity. To summarise the current knowledge on respiratory health problems in elite athletes. Endurance exercise training exerts many positive effects on health, including improved metabol­ism, reduction of cardiovascular risk, and reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Intense endurance exercise causes mild epithelial injury and inflammation in the airways, but does not appear to exert detrimental effects on respiratory health or bronchial reactivity in recreational/non-eli…

Dynamic hyperinflation during the 6-min walk test in severely asthmatic subjects

2018

We tested the hypothesis that dynamic hyperinflation develops in severe asthmatic subjects during exercise. Changes in inspiratory capacity (IC) were measured during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in severe asthmatic subjects compared with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects with a similar degree of bronchial obstruction. We assessed whether changes in IC were associated with changes in dyspnoea perception. 27 severe asthmatic subjects (10 males and 17 females) and 43 COPD subjects (35 males and eight females) were recruited. The two groups performed similarly in the 6MWT (p=0.90). At the end of the test, the Borg score increased significantly in both groups (mean difference: …

Retrospective screening for SARS-CoV-2 among influenza-like illness hospitalizations: 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 seasons, Valencia region, Spain

2021

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/irv.12899 En este artículo de investigación también participan: Juan Mollar-Maseres, Germán Schwarz-Chavarri, Sandra García-Esteban, Joan Puig-Barberà, Javier Díez-Domingo y F. Xavier López-Labrador. On 9 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Influenza Programme (GIP) asked participant sites on the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) to contribute to data collection concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We re-analysed 5833 viral RNA archived samples collected prospectively from hospital admissions for influenza-lik…

VENTILATOR CONFIGURATION IN CHILDREN ON LONG TERM HOME VENTILATION DURING THE COVID19 PANDEMIC

2021

Evaluation of a multicomponent grading system for obstructive sleep apnoea: the Baveno classification

2021

New findings on pathophysiology, epidemiology, and outcome have raised concerns on the relevance of the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) in the classification of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity. Recently, a multicomponent grading system decision integrating symptomatology and comorbidities (Baveno classification), was proposed to characterise OSA and to guide therapeutic decisions. We evaluated whether this system reflects the OSA population, whether it translates into differences in outcomes, and whether the addition of AHI improves the scheme. A total of 14 499 OSA patients from the European Sleep Apnoea Database cohort were analysed. The groups were homogeneously distributed and were…

Continuous professional development: Elevating sleep and breathing disorder education in europe

2020

Sleep and breathing disorders are highly prevalent, representing a growing subspecialty of respiratory medicine. The term sleep disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a range of conditions characterised by abnormal breathing during sleep, from chronic or habitual snoring, to frank obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) or, in some cases, central sleep apnoea (CSA) and hypoventilation syndromes. OSA is the commonest form of SDB, leading to many potential consequences and adverse clinical outcomes, including excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired daytime function, metabolic dysfunction, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality [1]. The estimated reported prevalence of moderate-to…

Sleep breathing disorders: have we reached the tipping point?

2018

In recent decades, the study of sleep breathing disorders has accelerated and increased our overall knowledge of sleep disorders in general. This now represents a real challenge to the health system due to the high prevalence, morbidity and mortality with concomitant social and economic repercussions [1].

Continuing professional development: introducing the ERS International Certificate in Respiratory Sleep Medicine

2017

What is the greatest challenge in the delivery of quality care to respiratory disease patients? Is it lack of resources, avoidable harm to patients, or more complex disease presentation? Healthcare delivery has been in the media spotlight in recent months across many countries and the question of how to deliver safe, effective and efficient care to patients remains at the forefront of political agendas at a national level. Education is the passport to the future and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) is in the unique position of being able to work with the most respected respiratory experts internationally in order to design and deliver educational activities to raise standards of train…

Unstable control of breathing can lead to ineffective noninvasive ventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

2019

Upper airway obstruction with decreased central drive (ODCD) is one of the causes of ineffective noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism responsible for ODCD in ALS patients using NIV. This is a prospective study that included ALS patients with home NIV. Severity of bulbar dysfunction was assessed with the Norris scale bulbar subscore; data on upper or lower bulbar motor neuron predominant dysfunction on physical examination were collected. Polysomnography was performed on every patient while using NIV and the ODCD index (ODCDI: number of ODCD events/total sleep time) was calculated. To determine the possible …

Alternative mechanisms for tiotropium

2009

Tiotropium is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although largely considered to be a long-acting bronchodilator, its demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of exacerbations and preliminary evidence from early studies indicating that it might slow the rate of decline in lung function suggested mechanisms of action in addition to simple bronchodilation. This hypothesis was examined in the recently published UPLIFT study and, although spirometric and other clinical benefits of tiotropium treatment extended to four years, the rate of decline in lung function did not appear to be reduced by the addition of tiotropium in this study. This article summ…