Search results for "Quinolone"
showing 10 items of 108 documents
Typhoid Fever
2008
Typhoid fever continues to be a serious public health problem, with approximately 22. million cases and more than 200. 000 deaths globally. The disease is most often acquired by ingestion of food or water contaminated by the feces and less frequently by urine or vomitus of patients and carriers. Prolonged low-grade fever, headache, dry cough, alterations of bowel habits, coated tongue, and rose spots are the typical clinical features. Definitive diagnosis requires the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Supportive serological tests are also used. First-choice antibiotic treatment includes fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins and reduces the mortality rate from 20%…
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 H30-R and H30-Rx subclones in retail chicken meat, Italy
2016
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131), typically fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) and/or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, has emerged globally. Among clinical isolates, ST131, primarily its H30-R and H30-Rx subclones, accounts for most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and is the dominant E. coli strain worldwide. We assessed its prevalence and characteristics among raw chicken meat samples on sale in Palermo, Italy. A collection of 237 fluoroquinolone resistant and ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli isolates, which had been isolated from processed retail chicken meat in the period May 2013-April 2015, was analyzed. Established polymerase chain reaction…
Molecular characterisation of quinolone-resistant Shigella strains isolated in Tehran, Iran.
2016
Over the past few years, the number of Shigella strains resistant to nalidixic acid has increased and has made the selection of effective antimicrobial therapy more difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of quinolone resistance in Shigella strains. Shigella strains isolated from 1100 diarrhoeal patients in Tehran, Iran, were assessed for their susceptibility to nalidixic acid prior to PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of their quinolone resistance genes. Among 73 Shigella strains isolated, 23 (31.5%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. The most common Shigella spp. was Shigella sonnei (54; 74.0%). Of the 23 quinolone-resistant isolates, 4 (17.4%) (includi…
Spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST395 non-susceptible to carbapenems and resistant to fluoroquinolones in North-Eastern France
2017
Abstract Objectives Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a potential treatment for infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae that are susceptible to these agents. Methods Owing to increasing non-susceptibility to carbapenems among Enterobacteriaceae, in this study FQ resistance mechanisms were characterised in 36 ertapenem-non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from North-Eastern France in 2012. The population structure was described by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results Among the 36 isolates, 13 (36%) carried a carbapenemase encoding-gene. Decreased expression of the OmpK35-encoding gene might be…
Are moxifloxacin and levofloxacin equally effective to treat XDR tuberculosis?
2017
International audience; Background: Moxifloxacin retains partial activity against some fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Levofloxacin is presumed to be as active as moxifloxacin against drug-susceptible tuberculosis and to have a better safety profile.Objectives: To compare the in vivo activity of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against M. tuberculosis strains with various levels of fluoroquinolone resistance.Methods: BALB/c mice were intravenously infected with 106M. tuberculosis H37Rv and three isogenic mutants: GyrA A90V, GyrB E540A and GyrB A543V. Treatment with 50 or 100 mg/kg levofloxacin and 60 or 66 mg/kg moxifloxacin was given orally every 6 h, for 4 we…
Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli in the French community: The times they are a-changin'?
2020
Since the early 2000s, Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) has been increasing in all European countries, mainly due to the spread of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Here we present a retrospective study that combines resistance of E. coli to 3GCs and quinolones with data on antibiotic use in the community in a region of Northeastern France.Since 2012, an observational surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use in the community was conducted: data on antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates were collected from 11 private laboratories, and consumption data were collected from the three main healthcare insurances.A significant dec…
Global emergence of the widespread Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 clone
2018
Abstract Objectives Despite the non-clonal epidemic population structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , several multi-locus sequence types are distributed worldwide and are frequently associated with epidemics where multidrug resistance confounds treatment. ST235 is the most prevalent of these widespread clones. In this study we aimed to understand the origin of ST235 and the molecular basis for its success. Methods The genomes of 79 P. aeruginosa ST235 isolates collected worldwide over a 27-year period were examined. A phylogenetic network was built, using a Bayesian approach to find the Most Recent Common Ancestor, and we identified antibiotic resistance determinants and ST235-specific genes…
Extra-Intestinal Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Meat
2018
Extra-intestinal E. coli are emerging as a global threat due to their diffusion as opportunistic pathogens and, above all, to their wide set of antibiotic resistance determinants. There are still many gaps in our knowledge of their origin and spread pathways, although food animals have been adjudicated vehicles for passing mult-drug resistant bacteria to humans. This study analyzed 46 samples of meat purchased from retail stores in Palermo in order to obtain quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates. Strains were screened for their phylogenetic groups, ST131-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and then typed by ERIC-PCR. Their set of virulence factors, namely, kpsMII, papA, sfaS, …
Perspectives for the Treatment of Brucellosis in the 21st Century: The Ioannina Recommendations
2007
Policy Forum. Competing interests: ER has received research grants from Daiichi, Bayer, and Theravance and has served as a consultant to Pfizer, Theravance, Bayer, Wyeth, Rosetta, and BiondVax. Summary Points Brucellosis remains the commonest anthropozoonosis worldwide, and its treatment remains complex, requiring protracted administration of more than one antibiotic. In November 2006, a consensus meeting aimed at reaching a common specialist statement on the treatment of brucellosis was held in Ioannina, Greece under the auspices of the International Society of Chemotherapy and the Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina. The author panel suggests that the optimal treatment o…
Laquinimod dampens IL-1β signaling and Th17-polarizing capacity of monocytes in patients with MS
2020
ObjectiveTo assess the impact of laquinimod treatment on monocytes and to investigate the underlying immunomodulatory mechanisms in MS.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we performed in vivo and in vitro analyses of cluster of differentiation (CD14+) monocytes isolated from healthy donors (n = 15), untreated (n = 13), and laquinimod-treated patients with MS (n = 14). Their frequency and the expression of surface activation markers were assessed by flow cytometry and the viability by calcein staining. Cytokine concentrations in the supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes were determined by flow cytometry. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression level of gene…