Search results for "Quêtes"
showing 10 items of 18 documents
Les petites histoires extraordinaires des courses ordinaires: vous ne retournerez plus faire vos courses de la même façon après la lecture de cet ouv…
2011
National audience; ...
Comment conseillers et agriculteurs contribuent au développement d'un modèle d'aide à la décision pour la gestion agroécologique de la flore adventic…
2019
Prod 2019-15kEASPEGESTADINRAAGROSUPDOCT; Afin de réduire l’utilisation d’herbicides, nous avons besoin d'outils pour aider à concevoir des stratégies de gestion des adventices économes en herbicides. Dans ce but, nous avons développé un outil d'aide à la conception de systèmes de culture réconciliant protection des cultures et des écosystèmes. La démarche fait intervenir en parallèle le développement de la structure de ce nouvel outil d’aide à la décision (OAD) en interaction avec les futurs utilisateurs (conseillers et agriculteurs) et une simplification du contenu biophysique du modèle FLORSYS pour l’évaluation des impacts des adventices. L'OAD résultant, DECIFLORSYS, est composé : (1) du…
Questions d'alphabétisation dans le contexte africain
2012
Despite the proportion of illiterate people in sub-Saharan Africa having declined between 1985 and 2008, the number of illiterates has actually increased during the period. It is within this context, that since April 2000, the international community has been committed to six Education for All goals. One of these goals is to achieve a 50 per cent improvement in adult literacy levels by 2015. This thesis aims to analyse how primary education and literacy programs (two processes on which educational policy can intervene) enable the populations of sub-Saharan Africa to acquire basic reading skills. In the vast majority of African countries, the analysis based on household surveys shows that sc…
L'enquête judiciaire en Europe au XIXe siècle : acteurs, imaginaires, pratiques
2007
Les exclus de la mobilité : de l'observation à la décision
2014
In contemporary societies, mobility is considered as a social norm necessary for integration. Conversely, immobility is often seen as the opposite. Therefore, it is associated with a significant risk of exclusion. An approach in terms of exclusion involves a sociological orientation. Nevertheless, this thesis follows a geographical approach. Thus, a first question emerges from this disciplinary position: immobility is it a geographical object? Furthermore, it is possible to consider the mobility and immobility as equivalent and not opposed. This means that their impact may not be reversed. This position engages a second question: the relationship between immobility and exclusion is it legit…
Ontology-based cooperation of information systems : contributions to database-to-ontology mapping and XML-to-ontology mapping
2010
This thesis treats the area of ontology-based cooperation of information systems. We propose a global architecture called OWSCIS that is based on ontologies and web-services for the cooperation of distributed heterogeneous information systems. In this thesis, we focus on the problem of connecting the local information sources to the local ontologies within OWSCIS architecture. This problem is articulated by three main axes: 1) the creation of the local ontology from the local information sources, 2) the mapping of local information sources to an existing local ontology, and 3) the translation of queries over the local ontologies into queries over local information sources.
Query expansion and semantic visualization in information system cooperations : methods and tools for information retrieval
2010
This thesis presents approaches and tools for information retrieval. Our work is part of a cooperation system based on ontologies called OWSCIS (Ontology and Web Service based Cooperation of Information Sources). We treat the problem of information retrieval by providing an enrichment method called QUEXME (QUery EXpansion MEthod) of queries based on analysis of user behavior and using the concept importance notion with regards to query. We also discussed the problem of visualization in the OWSCIS system offering a architecture of service visualization. It is composed of three modules: the request, enrichment and results. The approaches proposed in this thesis have been prototyped and the te…
Optimisation des requêtes de similarité dans les espaces métriques répondant aux besoins des usagers
2012
The complexity of data stored in large databases has increased at very fast paces. Hence, operations more elaborated than traditional queries are essential in order to extract all required information from the database. Therefore, the interest of the database community in similarity search has increased significantly. Two of the well-known types of similarity search are the Range (Rq) and the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNNq) queries, which, as any of the traditional ones, can be sped up by indexing structures of the Database Management System (DBMS). Another way of speeding up queries is to perform query optimization. In this process, metrics about data are collected and employed to adjust the par…
Socio-spatial dynamics and ways of living of urban spaces : comparison of Besançon, Mulhouse and Strasbourg
2013
The spatial distribution of urban functions and populations is not random, this distribution canhighlight inequalities which call into question our democratic societies based on the principle ofequality. This principle is based on the relationship between the “social” and the “spatial” whichmainly consist in investigating social disparities in urban areas and what is perceived as an injustice byindividuals. To understand these socio-spatial dynamics, we focus our research on the urban history ofBesançon, Mulhouse and Strasbourg as well as the relations between the inhabitants and theirresidential environment. Using large geo-localized databases from INSEE, we study the spatialdistribution o…
Comment les conseillers et les agriculteurs raisonnent la gestion des adventices ?
2017
EAGESTADAGROSUPINRA DOCT; Nous avons enquêté des conseillers et agriculteurs pour analyser comment ils raisonnent la gestion des adventices, dans le but de développer un outil d’aide à la décision pour la gestion intégrée de la flore adventice. Pour cela, nous avons mis en ligne une enquête et nous l’avons diffusée auprès de conseillers et d’agriculteurs situés dans toute la France. En tout, vingt-et-un conseillers et quatre agriculteurs ont répondu entièrement à l’enquête, sur 54 réponses au total. Ce sont principalement des problèmes liés au désherbage chimique qui ressortent dans les contraintes de gestion des adventices, mais le manque de connaissance sur la biologie des espèces est éga…