Search results for "RADIATION"

showing 10 items of 5298 documents

Spiking dynamics of frequency up-converted field generated in continuous-wave excited rubidium vapours

2020

We report on spiking dynamics of frequency up-converted emission at 420 nm generated on the 6P3/2-5S1/2 transition in Rb vapour two-photon excited to the 5D5/2 level with laser light at 780 and 776 nm. The spike duration is less than the natural lifetime of any excited level involved in the interaction with both continuous and pulsed pump radiation. The spikes at 420 nm are attributed to temporal properties of the directional emission at 5.23 {\mu}m generated on the population inverted 5D5/2-6P3/2 transition. A link between the spiking regime and cooperative effects is discussed. We suggest that the observed stochastic behaviour is due to the quantum-mechanical nature of the cooperative eff…

Materials scienceField (physics)Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)chemistry.chemical_elementFOS: Physical sciencesRadiation01 natural sciencesRubidiumlaw.inventionPhysics - Atomic Physics010309 opticslaw0103 physical sciencesQuantum PhysicsDynamics (mechanics)Statistical and Nonlinear PhysicsLaserAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticschemistryExcited stateContinuous waveAtomic physicsQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Visible spectrumOptics (physics.optics)Physics - Optics
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Thermal behavior of absorbing and scattering glass media containing molecular water impurity

2005

The effect of the presence of molecular water impurity of various concentrations in absorbing and scattering glass media on the temperature field in a layer subjected to thermal infrared radiation is investigated. The analysed medium is treated as a multicomponent medium consisting of glass matrix and water impurity. The effect of radiation on the medium is expressed by heat sources in each component due to absorption of radiation. It is shown that the presence of water impurity in the glass medium should be accounted for in order to predict the temperature distribution during radiation action. The effect of scattering of radiation by water molecules on thermal and diffusive processes in th…

Materials scienceField (physics)Scatteringbusiness.industryGeneral EngineeringAnalytical chemistryRadiationCondensed Matter PhysicsOpticsImpurityThermalMoleculeAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)businessLayer (electronics)International Journal of Thermal Sciences
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Third-harmonic generation in the skin layer of a hot dense plasma

2003

The third-harmonic generation of a pump wave, resulting from the electron-ion collision frequency dependence on the electric field in the skin layer of a hot dense plasma is investigated. The relation of the current third harmonic with the high-frequency field in the skin layer is established for arbitrary ratios of the electron-ion collision frequency to the field frequency. For arbitrary ratios of these two frequencies, the field structure inside the skin layer is determined, and the field of the wave irradiated by the plasma at tripled frequency, too, is calculated. It has permitted us to find the explicit dependencies of the third-harmonic generation efficiency on the plasma and pump fi…

Materials scienceField (physics)business.industryPlasmaCollision frequencyPhysics::Plasma PhysicsElectric fieldHigh harmonic generationOptoelectronicsIrradiationAtomic physicsCurrent (fluid)businessLayer (electronics)Physical Review E
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Asymmetric Dual-Grating Micro-Slit Configuration for Broadband Solid State Coherent Detection of THz Pulses

2016

We demonstrated solid-state broadband coherent Terahertz characterization based on the Terahertz Field Induced Second Harmonic effect in Silica. The THz detector consists of an asymmetric micro-slit array which can be operated at 200V applied bias.

Materials scienceField (physics)business.industryTerahertz radiationSolid-statePhysics::Optics02 engineering and technologyGrating021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesSlitTerahertz spectroscopy and technology0103 physical sciencesBroadbandHarmonicOptoelectronics010306 general physics0210 nano-technologybusiness
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A field method for measuring the thermal infrared emissivity

1993

Abstract In this work, a field method for measuring thermal infrared emissivities is proposed which is based on the box method, initially developed by Buettner and Kern (1965) for laboratory measurements. A theoretical analysis was made of the measurement carried out using the box and a correcting factor to Buettner and Kern's technique has been determined. Buettner and Kern's method has been modified to use radiative temperatures measured with a radiothermometer instead of radiance measurements. The walls of the box used and the cold lid was made of polished aluminium and the hot lid was made of black-painted anodized aluminium and it was heated in the field by solar radiation. With this m…

Materials scienceField (physics)business.industrychemistry.chemical_elementRadiationTemperature measurementAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsComputer Science ApplicationsOpticschemistryAluminiumRadiative transferRadianceEmissivityBlack-body radiationComputers in Earth SciencesbusinessEngineering (miscellaneous)ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
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Vortex dynamics in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-thin films in the presence of columnar defects

1996

With heavy ion irradiation we create continous amorphous columnar defects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-thin films. With regard to a reliable comparison of irradiation effects three of four identical striplines on the same samples were exposed to different irradiation procedures. We performed irradiations as well parallel as under different angles with respect to the film $$\vec c$$ -axis. Beside an enlarged normal state resistivity after irradiation the films suffer a Tc-reduction proportional to the volume of the damaged material. The activation energy ascertained from resistive transitions shows best enhancement for magnetic field values close to the matching field. Measurements of the transport crit…

Materials scienceFlux pinningCondensed matter physicsElectrical resistivity and conductivityGeneral Materials ScienceActivation energyIrradiationThin filmCondensed Matter PhysicsAnisotropyCrystallographic defectAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsAmorphous solidJournal of Low Temperature Physics
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Response charactterization of ammonium tartrate solid state pellets for ESR dosimetry with radiotherapeutic photon and electron beams.

2001

Solid state pellets (1 mm thick) for electron spin resonance (ESR) dosimetry were made using ammonium tartrate as the radiation-sensitive substance. Their behaviour was experimentally investigated as a function of dose with 60Co gamma rays. The calibration function obtained permits measurements of absorbed dose in the 2-50 Gy range, with a combined uncertainty of +/-4%. The lowest detectable dose was about 0.5 Gy. These properties are comparable with or even better than those of ESR dosimeters made from other materials. The time stability of the ESR signal of ammonium tartrate dosimeters at different storage conditions after irradiation was studied. A rather complex behaviour was observed, …

Materials scienceFree RadicalsBiophysicsElectronsRadiationTartrateBiophysical Phenomenalaw.inventionchemistry.chemical_compoundlawDosimetryHumansRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingIrradiationParticle SizeElectron paramagnetic resonanceRadiometryTartratesPhotonsDosimeterRadiological and Ultrasound Technologybusiness.industryRadiotherapy Planning Computer-AssistedRadiochemistryGamma rayElectron Spin Resonance SpectroscopyMicrosphereschemistryAbsorbed doseNuclear medicinebusinessPhysics in medicine and biology
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Ultra-broad spectral photo-response in FePS3 air-stable devices

2021

Van der Waals materials with narrow energy gaps and efficient response over a broadband optical spectral range are key to widen the energy window of nanoscale optoelectronic devices. Here, we characterize FePS as an appealing narrow-gap p-type semiconductor with an efficient broadband photo-response, a high refractive index, and a remarkable resilience against air and light exposure. To enable fast prototyping, we provide a straightforward guideline to determine the thickness of few-layered FePS nanosheets extracted from the optical transmission characteristics of several flakes. The analysis of the electrical photo-response of FePS devices as a function of the excitation energy confirms a …

Materials scienceFísica de la Materia CondensadaSpectral photo-response02 engineering and technology010402 general chemistrymedicine.disease_cause01 natural sciences7. Clean energysymbols.namesakeUltra-broadBroadbandmedicineGeneral Materials SciencePhotodetectors; FePS3; Ab-initio theory;Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materialsQD1-999MaterialsFePS3PhotocurrentRange (particle radiation)business.industryMechanical EngineeringGeneral ChemistryAir-stable devices021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter Physics0104 chemical sciencesChemistrySemiconductorMechanics of MaterialsTA401-492symbolsOptoelectronicsvan der Waals forceElectrònica Aparells i instruments0210 nano-technologybusinessRefractive indexUltravioletExcitation
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Thermally stimulated luminescence of undoped and Ce3+-doped Gd2SiO5 and (Lu,Gd)2SiO5 single crystals

2015

Abstract Thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) characteristics (TSL glow curves and TSL spectra) are investigated in the 4–520 K temperature range for the single crystals of gadolinium and lutetium–gadolinium oxyorthosilicates X-ray irradiated at 4 K, 8 K, or 80 K. The nominally undoped Gd2SiO5 and (Lu,Gd)2SiO5 crystals, containing traces of Ce3+, Tb3+, and Eu3+ ions, and Ce3+-doped Gd2SiO5 and (Lu,Gd)2SiO5 crystals are studied. For the first time, the TSL glow curves of these materials are measured separately for the electron (intrinsic, Ce3+- or Tb3+-related) and hole (Eu3+-related) recombination luminescence, and the TSL glow curve peaks, arising from thermal decay of various electron …

Materials scienceGadoliniumDopingBiophysicsAnalytical chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementGeneral ChemistryElectronAtmospheric temperature rangeCondensed Matter PhysicsBiochemistryAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsIonchemistryThermal stabilityIrradiationLuminescenceJournal of Luminescence
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Tuning the Optical Absorption of Sn-, Ge-, and Zn-Substituted Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskites: Structural and Electronic Effects

2021

Lead-free halide double perovskites (DPs) are highly tunable materials in terms of chemical composition and optical properties. One of the most widely reported DPs is Cs2AgBiBr6, which is envisaged as a promising absorber for photovoltaics. Nevertheless, its bandgap (around 1.9−2.3 eV) remains too large for common tandem solar cells. In this work, we report the mechanochemical synthesis of Sn-, Ge-, and Zn-substituted Cs2AgBiBr6 in powder form; their bandgaps reach 1.55, 1.80, and 2.02 eV, respectively. These differences are rationalized through density functional theory calculations, demonstrating combined electronic and structural (disorder) effects introduced by the divalent metal-cation…

Materials scienceGeneral Chemical EngineeringMaterials ChemistryElectronic effectAnalytical chemistryDouble perovskiteGeneral ChemistryAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)MaterialsCèl·lules fotoelèctriquesChemistry of Materials
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