Search results for "RADIATION"
showing 10 items of 5298 documents
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL NEUTRON DOSE AT GROUND LEVEL
2021
This work presents the results of two cycles of neutron dose rate measurements realized using an ALNOR 2202D Neutron Dose Rate Meter whose time response is acquired and analyzed through a controlled ORTEC MCS-32 acquisition card in Windows environment. The data obtained have been compared with values from previous experimental surveys and with the data provided by the worldwide main observatories. It has been also verified the influence of the fluctuations in the flux of cosmic rays during the course of a solar cycle. By comparing the realized measurements and the data provided by the cosmic ray monitoring networks it is also possible to obtain a value of ambient dose equivalent rate and ne…
Gamma-ray irradiation tests on CCD and CMOS sensors used in imaging techniques
2012
Technologically-enhanced electronic devices are used in various fields as space imaging or diagnostic techniques in medicine. The devices can be exposed to intense radiation fluxes over time which may impair the functioning of the same apparatus, in particular in space applications. In this paper we report the results of a gamma irradiation tests on imaging sensors simulating the space radiation over a long time period. Two types of sensors are taken into consideration: CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) sensors and CMOS based on technology MOS (Metal Oxide semiconductor) used for the realization of transistors widely used in consumer electronics. The devices are supplied by Techno System (Italy),…
FMECA Analyses of radiological over-exposure accident to patients in brachytherapy
2012
This paper presents safety analyses of accidental events which can involve patient during High Dose Rate brachytherapy treatment in over-exposures. The study has been performed by using the well-known techniques FMECA modified by Fuzzy logic theory. Moreover, fuzzy HEART methodology was employed in order to evaluate human error probabilities for each treatment stage. The obtained results, aimed to obtain a list of the deviations with a reasonable probability to produce significant adverse outcomes, provided some recommendations for procedures and safety equipments to reduce the occurrence of radiological over-exposure accidents.
Progettazione e realizzazione di un irradiatore neutronico modulare basato su sorgenti Am-Be
2012
Irradiatori neutronici basati su sorgenti radionuclidiche sono impiegati in diversi paesi per studiare le caratteristiche dei materiali sottoposti a irradiazione e/o la risposta di rivelatori e/o dosimetri personali sensibili alla componente neutronica. Per quest’ultima applicazione, l’uso di un irradiatore con sorgenti radionuclidiche risulta molto vantaggioso per la stabilità nel tempo del flusso neutronico, mentre è relativamente poco importante il valore assoluto del flusso neutronico, che può anche essere di qualche ordine di grandezza inferiore a quello di reattori o di acceleratori di particelle. Per l’effettuazione di test su rivelatori e/o dosimetri personali neutronici risulta mol…
Sub-micron structured Polymethyl Methacrylate/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene rubber blends obtained via gamma radiation induced “in situ” polymerisation
2004
The morphology and properties of PMMA/rubber blends, obtained through gamma radiation induced “in situ” polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of small quantities of an acrylonitrile–butadiene based rubber (ABN), are presented. Different systems have been obtained by irradiating at a fixed irradiation dose rate and temperature, varying the integrated dose. All the blends obtained were characterized with respect to their melt state and solid state dynamic-mechanical response and mechanical tensile properties. In particular, the effect on the blend properties of prolonging the irradiation time was investigated. Furthermore, a morphological characterization through atomic …
Environmental degradation of polymers for cultural heritage
2018
Plastic materials are used both for the protection of cultural heritage and as material for artworks. As for other materials, the durability and the maintenance of their initial properties are fundamental for the use of these materials. For the protection of the cultural heritage (particularly for stone artworks) the main important properties are the hydrophobicity, the UV transparency and the water vapour permeability that must be maintained even after a long exposure to the environmental conditions (UV irradiation, rain, temperature variations, etc.). When the polymers are used for the production of an artwork, the most important characteristics are the maintenance of the aesthetical appe…
Nanostructured anatase TiO2 densified at high pressure as advanced visible light photocatalysts
2015
This study reports on characterization and photoactivity of nanostructured TiO2 samples, which have been permanently densified under high pressures, up to 2.1 GPa. Commercial Mirkat 211 anatase has been used as a benchmark sample, in order to investigate the effect of unidirectional high pressure on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2. Vibrational Raman spectroscopy shows that the treatment does not cause transitions among the different crystalline phases of titanium dioxide. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra reveal that increasing pressure gives rise to a shift of the absorption onset towards higher wavelength enhancing the photoactivity under visible radiation. Samp…
N-Doped Anatase/Rutile Photocatalysts for the Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes Under Ultraviolet and Solar Irradiation
2015
N-doped anatase/rutile photocatalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method, using TiCl4 as TiO2 precursor and urea as N-dopant source. The catalysts required a thermal treatment at temperature higher than 300 degrees C to achieve actual nitrogen doping; this treatment also allowed obtaining crystalline and hydrophobic samples. Moreover, nitrogen doping modified the surface of samples by increasing the anatase to rutile phase ratio and hydrophilicity. The catalysts were characterized by BET specific surface area, XRD, ESEM, TGA, FT-IR, DRS and XPS measurements, with particular attention to the assessment of the N-doping effect. It was found that XPS analysis should be used together with DRS and…
Two-Dimensional Modeling of an Externally Irradiated Slurry Photoreactor
2013
Abstract A batch cylindrical photocatalytic reactor, externally irradiated by 1–6 UV fluorescent lamps and containing a stirred slurry of polycrystalline TiO2, was modeled by coupling a modified Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics together with a two-dimensional light intensity field. The radiation field has been determined on the main assumptions of diffuse radiation, isotropic scattering and negligible backward reflected photon flow. The model has been applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of organic substrates which do not undergo homogeneous photochemical degradation. The model is characterized by the following four parameters: the kinetic constants of substrate adsorption, desorption and d…