Search results for "RADIATION"
showing 10 items of 5298 documents
Oxygen and glucose deprivation induces major dysfunction in the somatosensory cortex of the newborn rat
2005
The mechanisms and functional consequences of ischemia-induced injury during perinatal development are poorly understood. Subplate neurons (SPn) play a central role in early cortical development and a pathophysiological impairment of these neurons may have long-term detrimental effects on cortical function. The acute and long-term consequences of combined oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) were investigated in SPn and compared with OGD-induced dysfunction of immature layer V pyramidal cortical neurons (PCn) in somatosensory cortical slices from postnatal day (P)0-4 rats. OGD for 50 min followed by a 10-24-h period of normal oxygenation and glucose supply in vitro or in culture led to pron…
Patient reported outcomes of symptoms and quality of life among cancer patients treated with palliative pelvic radiation: a pilot study
2011
Published version of an article from the journal: BMC Research Notes. Also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-4-252 BACKGROUND:There is limited high-quality research investigating the efficacy of palliative radiation (PPR) with regard to symptoms and quality of life (QOL) among cancer patients with pelvic soft tissue tumors. As a result, clinicians are left with mainly retrospective studies, without reliable data on which to base treatment decisions. As a first step of a subsequent analysis of PPR's efficacy, we aimed to determine whether it is feasible to prospectively measure symptoms and QOL among patients treated with PPR. A secondary aim was to explore pa…
NeXt for neuro-radiosurgery: A fully automatic approach for necrosis extraction in brain tumor MRI using an unsupervised machine learning technique
2017
Stereotactic neuro-radiosurgery is a well-established therapy for intracranial diseases, especially brain metastases and highly invasive cancers that are difficult to treat with conventional surgery or radiotherapy. Nowadays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most used modality in radiation therapy for soft-tissue anatomical districts, allowing for an accurate gross tumor volume (GTV) segmentation. Investigating also necrotic material within the whole tumor has significant clinical value in treatment planning and cancer progression assessment. These pathological necrotic regions are generally characterized by hypoxia, which is implicated in several aspects of tumor development and gro…
Langerhans’s cell histiocytosis in old subjects: two rare case reports and review of the literature
2012
doi: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00629.x Langerhans’s cell histiocytosis in old subjects: two rare case reports and review of the literature Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disease of histiocyte-like cells that generally affects children; LCH onset is rare in adults; immunohistochemistry is essential to obtain the correct diagnosis, and treatment protocols are controversial. Objective: To describe two new cases of adult onset oral LCH. Case reports: Case 1: a 71-year-old woman, complaining of diffuse oral pain, presented with erythematous mucosal lesions; the panoramic radiograph and CT scan showed multiple mandible radiolucent areas. Immunohistochemical a…
Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the uterus and the breast: report of three cases
1995
The authors describe one case of a rare primitive non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the uterus, and two cases of primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the breast. Histologically, the uterine lymphoma, although clinically confined to the uterus, was a diffuse large cell lymphoma, group G according to the Working formulation for Clinical Usage. The two cases of breast lymphoma were a centrocytic-centroblastic and a lymphoplasmocytoid non-Hodgkin lymphoma, respectively. All cases were initally treated with radical surgery plus radiotherapy, but the first patient showed an early recurrence at distant sites, which required systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy. The patient with uterine non-Hodgkin lymphoma received a…
Xerostomia induced by radiotherapy: an overview of the physiopathology, clinical evidence, and management of the oral damage
2015
Background: The irradiation of head and neck cancer (HNC) often causes damage to the salivary glands. The resulting salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia seriously reduce the patient’s quality of life. Purpose: To analyze the literature of actual management strategies for radiation-induced hypofunction and xerostomia in HNC patients. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Library databases were electronically evaluated for articles published from January 1, 1970, to June 30, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened and included papers according to the predefined selection criteria. Results: Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. The systematic review of the literature sugge…
Dosimetric characterization of two radium sources for retrospective dosimetry studies
2015
Purpose: During the first part of the 20th century, Ra-226 was the most used radionuclide for brachytherapy. Retrospective accurate dosimetry, coupled with patient follow up, is important for advan ...
Recent epidemiological studies on ionizing radiation and childhood cancer in Germany.
1998
The results from recent epidemiological studies based on the German Childhood Cancer Registry are summarized.An oecological study covers 16 years' incidence of childhood malignancies in areas surrounding nuclear facilities and in matched control regions. Two population-based case control studies explore potential risk factors of childhood leukaemia in the state of Lower Saxony (1988 93) and in all western states of Germany (1992-94).There was no increased incidence of childhood leukaemia and other malignancies in the vicinity of nuclear installations. X-ray examinations during pregnancy and in early childhood were not associated with an increased risk of childhood leukaemia. There were no d…
Die kombinierte operative und radiotherapeutische Behandlung (CORT) von Beckenwandrezidiven: Erfahrungsbericht nach 3 Jahren
1993
CORT has been developed to treat recurrent gynaecological malignancies infiltrating the pelvic wall unilaterally. The surgical part consists of: (i) staging laparotomy/lymphadenectomy, (ii) maximum tumour resection at the pelvic wall and exenteration of infiltrated central pelvic organs, (iii) implantation of guiding tubes on the residual tumour/tumour bed on the pelvic wall, (iv) pelvic wall plasty with muscle, musculocutaneous and omentum flaps, (v) operative reconstruction of bowel, bladder and perineo-vulvo-vaginal functions. Radiation is performed as interstitial high dose rate brachytherapy through the implanted tubes. Patients without prior pelvic irradiation receive in addition, who…
Reconstruction of vertebral body after radiofrequency ablation and augmentation in dorsolumbar metastatic vertebral fracture: Analysis of clinical an…
2017
Background: Painful spinal metastases usually occur in malignant neoplastic disease. Treatment for bone metastases has been largely conservative, and it includes the use of high doses of analgesics, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and bisphosphonates; however, results are sometimes transient and ineffective. In the presence of neurological involvement a surgical strategy should be considered. Recently, percutaneous procedures such as radiofrequency ablation, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty have been introduced as palliative techniques to treat painful vertebral metastases [3, 11, 25]. Methods: In our study we combined the use of radiofrequency ablation with vertebroplasty in th…