Search results for "RECTAL CANCER"

Quality assurance in the treatment of colorectal cancer: the EURECCA initiative

2014

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Europe. Over the past few decades, important advances have been made in screening, staging and treatment of colorectal cancer. However, considerable variation between and within European countries remains, which implies that further improvements are possible. The most important remaining question now is: when are we, health care professionals, delivering the best available care to patients with colon or rectal cancer? Currently, quality assurance is a major issue in colorectal cancer care and quality assurance awareness is developing in almost all disciplines involved in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients. Quality assurance has…

Non-Surgical Treatment of Localized Rectal Cancer Is an Experimental Option

2016

Reduced-dose of doublet chemotherapy combined with anti-EGFR antibodies in vulnerable older patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Data from the…

2022

Abstract Objectives To assess the toxicity patterns and effectiveness of doublet chemotherapy when administered at reduced doses of 20% (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) in combination with anti-EGFR antibodies (cetuximab or panitumumab) in old, vulnerable patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients and methods We performed a retrospective observational study of RAS and BRAF wild-type, vulnerable patients aged ≥70 years with previously untreated mCRC. The primary endpoint was safety, and secondary endpoints were overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results One hundred and eighteen patients were collected from 14 selected Italian centres.…

Screening for colorectal cancer with immunochemical faecal occult blood tests.

2012

Population-based studies have shown that guaiac faecal occult blood testing followed by colonoscopy in case of positivity can reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However these tests have been criticised for their fairly low sensitivity. For this reason attention has been given to alternative tests. The aim of this paper is to review the evidence for screening for colorectal cancer using qualitative immunochemical faecal occult blood tests. For the complete range of tested cut-off values, immunochemical faecal occult blood tests lead to higher diagnostic yield, improved sensitivity and greater participation. The optimal number of samples and the optimal cut-off value has to suit local resour…

Expression pattern of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK) in a series of primary solid tumors and related bone metastases.

2011

Receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL), RANK, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) represent the key regulators of bone metabolism both in normal and pathological conditions, including bone metastases. To our knowledge, no previous studies investigated and compared RANK expression in primary tumors and in bone metastases from the same patient. We retrospectively examined RANK expression by immunohistochemistry in 74 bone metastases tissues from solid tumors, mostly breast, colorectal, renal, lung, and prostate cancer. For 40 cases, tissue from the corresponding primary tumor was also analyzed. Sixty-six (89%) of the 74 bone metastases were RANK-positive and, among these, 40 (59.5%) showed more than…

Validation of two short questionnaires assessing physical activity in colorectal cancer patients

2018

Background In order to investigate the impact of adherence to recommendations of physical activity and sedentary time on health outcomes in clinical trials, there is a need for feasible tools such as questionnaires that can give representative estimates of these measures. The primary aim of the present study was to validate two such questionnaires and their ability to estimate adherence to the recommendations of physical activity defined as moderate-to- vigorous physical activity or moderate physical activity of at least 150 min/week in colorectal cancer patients. Secondarily, self-reported sedentary time from the HUNT-PAQ was also evaluated. Methods Participants from 'The Norwegian dietary…

Prediction of N0 Irradiated Rectal Cancer Comparing MRI Before and After Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy

2017

Background: The prediction of lymph node status using MRI has an impact on the management of rectal cancer, both before and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to maximize the negative predictive value and sensitivity of mesorectal lymph node imaging after chemoradiotherapy because postchemoradiation node-negative patients may be treated with rectum-sparing approaches. Design: This was a retrospective study. Settings: The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients: Sixty-four patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent preoperative chemoradiotherapy and MRI for staging and the assessment of response were evaluated. Mai…

Can chemotherapy concomitantly delivered with radiotherapy improve survival of patients with resectable rectal cancer? A meta-analysis of literature …

2010

Summary Background There is clear evidence from two systematic reviews that radiotherapy (RT) reduces the risk of local recurrence in patients with resectable rectal cancer, though the data on survival are still equivocal. Objective To assess the effects of chemotherapy combined concomitantly with radiotherapy (CRT) on the increase of overall survival, and on the prevention of local recurrence and distant metastases. Data sources Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE and CANCERLIT (1970–2008) were supplemented with hand searches of reference lists. Study selection Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing preoperative or postoperative CRT to p…

Screening of colorectal cancer: present and future

2017

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in males and second in females, and the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Currently, about 60-70% of diagnosed cases in symptomatic patients are detected at an advanced stage of disease. Earlier stage detection through the use of screening strategies would allow for better outcomes in terms of reducing the disease burden. Areas covered: The aim of this paper is to review the current published evidence from literature which assesses the performance and effectiveness of different screening tests for the early detection of CRC. Expert commentary: Adequate screening strategies can reduce CRC incidence and mortality. In th…

Definition of the Rectum An International, Expert-based Delphi Consensus

2019

Mini: A radiological, anatomic distinction between the rectum and sigmoid colon was agreed by consensus of international experts in rectal cancer using the Delphi Technique. Use of this landmark, “the sigmoid take-off,” may harmonize efforts in research and clinical practice to improve patient outcomes. Background: The wide global variation in the definition of the rectum has led to significant inconsistencies in trial recruitment, clinical management, and outcomes. Surgical technique and use of preoperative treatment for a cancer of the rectum and sigmoid colon are radically different and dependent on the local definitions employed by the clinical team. A consensus definition of the rectum…