Search results for "REDUCE"
showing 10 items of 233 documents
Photoluminescence-Based Spatially Resolved Temperature Coefficient Maps of Silicon Wafers and Solar Cells
2020
In this article, we present a method to obtain implied open-circuit voltage images of silicon wafers and cells at different temperatures. The proposed method is then demonstrated by investigating the temperature coefficients of various regions across multicrystalline silicon wafers and cells from different heights of two bricks with different dislocation densities. Interestingly, both low and high temperature coefficients are found in dislocated regions on the wafers. A large spread of temperature coefficient is observed at regions with similar performance at 298 K. Reduced temperature sensitivity is found to be correlated with the increasing brick height and is exhibited by both wafers and…
A Novel Method for Characterizing Temperature Sensitivity of Silicon Wafers and Cells
2019
In this paper, we present a novel method to obtain temperature dependent lifetime and implied-open-circuit voltage (iV OC ) images of silicon wafers and solar cells. First, the method is validated by comparing the obtained values with global values acquired from lifetime measurements (for wafers) and current-voltage measurements (for cells). The method is then extended to acquire spatially resolved images of iV OC temperature coefficients of silicon wafers and cells. Potential applications of the proposed method are demonstrated by investigating the temperature coefficients of various regions across multi-crystalline silicon wafers and cells from different heights of two bricks with differe…
Reduced temperature sensitivity of multicrystalline silicon solar cells with low ingot resistivity
2016
This study presents experimental data on the reduction of temperature sensitivity of multicrystalline silicon solar cells made from low resistivity ingot. The temperature coefficients of solar cells produced from different ingot resistivities are compared, and the advantages of increasing the net doping are explained.
Tillage Impacts on Initial Soil Erosion in Wheat and Sainfoin Fields under Simulated Extreme Rainfall Treatments
2021
The main aim of this research was to determine the potential effects of different tillage systems (TT: traditional tillage and RT: reduced tillage) on runoff and erosion at two different locations (Kahramanmaras and Tarsus, Southern Turkey) under (i) fallow, (ii) wheat (Triticumaestivum L.), and (iii) sainfoin (Onobrychissativa L.) crops. Rainfall simulations with intensity of 120 mm h&minus
Phase equilibrium constraints on pre-eruptive conditions of recent felsic explosive volcanism at Pantelleria Island, Italy.
2010
International audience; We present experimental phase equilibria carried out on a pantelleritic bulk-rock composition with a peralkalinity index [PI = molar (Na2O + K2O)/Al2O3] = 1*4, which is representative of the most energetic pumice fall eruption of the resurgent post-caldera volcanism on Pantelleria island. For the explored conditions (P = 25-150 MPa; T = 680-800°C; H2Omelt up to 6 wt %; fO2 ≤ NNO, where NNO is nickel-nickel oxide buffer) clinopyroxene is the liquidus phase followed by alkali feldspar and then quartz. The crystallization of amphibole is limited to temperatures below 700°C. Aenigmatite crystallizes near the liquidus for P ≥ 100 MPa. When clinopyroxene is the sole liquid…
Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles in thyme under reduced irrigation conditions
2018
The nanotechnology is a relatively new technology that has recently entered the field of agriculture. Nanotechnology covers the integration or manipulation of individual atoms, molecules or molecular masses to a diverse array of structures allowing the production of new characteristics and traits of interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of foliar application of TiO2 nanoparticles on quantitative traits (plant height, number of branches, dry weight of shoots and roots) and the essential oil content of thyme under different levels of field capacity. Our results showed that the application of TiO2 nanoparticles had significant effects on thyme growth, while the essential …
Gray plumage color is more cryptic than brown in snowy landscapes in a resident color polymorphic bird
2020
Abstract Camouflage may promote fitness of given phenotypes in different environments. The tawny owl (Strix aluco) is a color polymorphic species with a gray and brown morph resident in the Western Palearctic. A strong selection pressure against the brown morph during snowy and cold winters has been documented earlier, but the selection mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we hypothesize that selection favors the gray morph because it is better camouflaged against predators and mobbers in snowy conditions compared to the brown one. We conducted an online citizen science experiment where volunteers were asked to locate a gray or a brown tawny owl specimen from pictures taken in snowy and snow…
Distribution of sea urchins living near shallow water CO2 vents is dependent upon species acid-base and ion-regulatory abilities.
2013
To reduce the negative effect of climate change on Biodiversity, the use of geological CO2 sequestration has been proposed; however leakage from underwater storages may represent a risk to marine life. As extracellular homeostasis is important in determining species' ability to cope with elevated CO2, we investigated the acid-base and ion regulatory responses, as well as the density, of sea urchins living around CO2 vents at Vulcano, Italy. We conducted in situ transplantation and field-based laboratory exposures to different pCO2/pH regimes. Our results confirm that sea urchins have some ability to regulate their extracellular fluid under elevated pCO2. Furthermore, we show that even in cl…
Influence of plant traits, soil microbial properties, and abiotic parameters on nitrogen turnover of grassland ecosystems
2016
International audience; Although it is known that multiple interactions among plant functional traits, microbial properties , and abiotic soil parameters influence the nutrient turnover, the relative contribution of each of these groups of variables is poorly understood. We manipulated grassland plant functional composition and soil nitrogen (N) availability in a multisite mesocosm experiment to quantify their relative effects on soil N turnover. Overall, root traits, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, denitrification potential, as well as N availability and water availability, best explained the variation in measured ecosystem properties, especially the trade-off between nutrient sequest…
Safety of Novel Amino-5-laevulinate Photosensitizer Precursors in Photodynamic Therapy for Healthy Human Skin.
2015
Peer reviewed