Search results for "REDUCTASE"
showing 10 items of 798 documents
Liver and Statins: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence.
2019
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Statins are a class of drugs whose main adverse effects are drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and myopathy. Some of these may be predictable, due to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, while others, unfortunately, are idiosyncratic. Genetic factors may also influence patient susceptibility to DILI and myopathy in the case of statins. This review will first discuss the role of statins in cardiovascular disease treatment and prevention and the underlying mechanisms of action. Furthermore, to explore the susceptibility of statin-induced adverse events such as myopathy and hepatoto…
Oral manifestations of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a paediatric case report.
2009
ABSTRACT. Background The Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, characterised by multiple congenital malformations, dysmorphic facial features and mental retardation. SLOS is caused by a genetically inherited deficiency of the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol Δ7reductase (7-DHC reductase), the catalyst involved in the final step of cholesterol biosynthesis, with the consequence of an increased serum levels of 7-DHC and generalised cholesterol deficiency. Case Report A 5-year-old female child was referred to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry of the University of Palermo for caries, gingivitis and malocclusion. The medical history revealed the diagnosis …
Involvement of nitrate reductase and pyoverdine in competitiveness of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain C7R12 in soil
2001
ABSTRACT Involvement of nitrate reductase and pyoverdine in the competitiveness of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 was determined, under gnotobiotic conditions, in two soil compartments (bulk and rhizosphere soil), with the soil being kept at two different values of matric potential (−1 and −10 kPa). Three mutants affected in the synthesis of either the nitrate reductase (Nar − ), the pyoverdine (Pvd − ), or both (Nar − Pvd − ) were used. The Nar − and Nar − Pvd − mutants were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of the wild-type strain and of the Pvd − mutant, respectively. The selective advantage given by nitrate reductase and pyoverdine to the wild-type strain was as…
The clinical relevance of low-density-lipoproteins size modulation by statins.
2006
The predominance of small, dense low density lipoproteins (LDL) has been accepted as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III; in fact, LDL size seems to be an important predictor of cardiovascular events and progression of coronary heart disease. Several studies have also shown that the therapeutical modulation of LDL size is of great benefit in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Hypolipidemic treatment is able to alter LDL subclass distribution and statins are currently the most widely used lipid-lowering agents. Statins are potent inhibitors of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting en…
Altered intracellular sorting signals do not influence the efficacy of genetic melanoma vaccines incorporating helper determinants in mice.
2004
Background A genetic melanoma vaccine consisting of cDNA encoding the model self-antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2) fused in-frame to the immunogenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was able to break immune tolerance and stimulate CD8+ T cells in vivo. In the present study we investigated whether alteration of the intracellular antigen localization as a result of the linkage with immune-enhancing helper proteins affects the resulting immune response. Methods Expression plasmids and recombinant adenoviruses were constructed encoding various fusion proteins with different intracellular sorting signals which direct the antigen to the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum or the…
Human Biliverdin Reductase Suppresses Goodpasture Antigen-binding Protein (GPBP) Kinase Activity
2010
The Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase activity of human biliverdin reductase (hBVR) and the expression of Goodpasture antigen-binding protein (GPBP), a nonconventional Ser/Thr kinase for the type IV collagen of basement membrane, are regulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). The pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulates kinase activity of hBVR and activates NF-κB, a transcriptional regulator of GPBP mRNA. Increased GPBP activity is associated with several autoimmune conditions, including Goodpasture syndrome. Here we show that in HEK293A cells hBVR binds to GPBP and down-regulates its TNF-α-stimulated kinase activity; this was not due to a decrease in GPBP expression. Findings with small interfering RNA to h…
Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of Vigna unguiculata L.
2020
Despite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was designed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant growth and development in a series of toxicity experiments using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant growth parameters (morphological and physicochemical) were investigated under a series of IBU concentrations (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 ppm IBU). IBU exposure reduced the shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, mineral (K and Mg), glutathione reductase, and…
Response of Spinach Leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) to Ozone Measured by Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll a Fluorescence, Antioxidant Systems, and Lipid Perox…
2004
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Clermont) leaves grown in open-top chambers and exposed to three different concentrations of ozone were measured for gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, antioxidant systems, and lipid peroxidation at the end of growing season. High O-3 concentration reduced F-v/F-m, indicating that the efficiency in the energy conversion of photosystem 2 (PS2) was altered. The rate of non-cyclic electron transport rate and the capacity to reduce the quinone pool were also affected. The development of non-photochemical quenching was not high enough to decrease the photon excess in the PS2. The limitation of photosynthetic activity was probably correlated with stomata c…
Bacterial 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenases
1978
Enterobacter aerogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus possessing L(+)-butanediol dehydrogenase produced mainly meso-butanediol and small amounts of optically active butanediol; Acetobacter suboxydans, Bacillus polymyxa and Erwinia carotovora containing D(-)-butanediol dehydrogenase produced more optically active butanediol than meso-butanediol. Resting and growing cells of these organisms oxidezed only one enantiomer of racemic butanediol. The D(-)-butanediol dehydrogenase from Bacillus polymyxa was partially purified (30-fold) with a specific activity of 24.5. Except NAD and NADH no other cofactors were required. Optimum pH-values for oxidation and red…