Search results for "REDUCTION"
showing 10 items of 2058 documents

 Interventions to Reduce Platelet Prophylactic Transfusions in Patients with Hypoproliferative Thrombocytopenia: Providing Patients with the Fu…
2013
SUMMARY To reduce the infectious and immunologic complications of platelet transfusions in patients with hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia, three interventions have aimed to decrease the number of prophylactic platelet transfusions received by such patients for the prevention of bleeding. These are the reduction of the platelet count threshold triggering prophylactic transfusion, the administration of low-dose (as opposed to standard-dose) platelet transfusions, and the administration of therapeutic (as opposed to prophylactic) platelet transfusions. We demonstrate that—in terms of absolute risk reduction in all infectious and some immunologic complications of transfusion— patients can ben…
Effects of steatosis on drug-metabolizing capability of primary human hepatocytes.
2007
Abstract The suitability of liver grafts discarded for transplantation because of macrosteatosis for preparing human hepatocyte cultures for in vitro drug metabolism studies has been examined. Lower cell viability and yield of isolation procedure were obtained from fatty livers (>40% steatosis) with respect to normal tissue. Significant reductions in 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation (ECOD) and testosterone oxidations were found in hepatocytes prepared from steatotic livers. The potential impact of lipid accumulation on P450 enzymes was studied in vitro by incubation of cultured hepatocytes with long chain free fatty acids (FFA). Treatment of cells with 0.25–3 mM FFA induced dose-dependent ac…
Liver transarterial chemoembolization and sunitinib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of the PRODIGE 16 study
2021
Summary Background Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one first-line option therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) not suitable for surgical resection. Aims We evaluated the effects of sunitinib plus doxorubicin-TACE on bleeding or liver failure. Methods Seventy-eight patients with HCC were included in this randomized, double-blind study. They received one to three TACE plus either sunitinib or placebo four weeks out of six for one year. The occurrence of severe bleeding or liver failure was assessed during the week after the TACE. The safety and survival outcomes were evaluated. Results No bleeding complication was reported. One and two liver failures were respect…
Hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate and fasting in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat diet
2008
We investigated whether the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate and fasting observed in most omnivorous mammals may also apply to herbivorous fish. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat (8 %) diet exhibited a marked increase in blood lipids and body fat after 6 weeks. They were then treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) in the same high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by fasting for 1 week. Plasma lipid concentration, body fat amount, fatty acid composition, plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and some parameters related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation were measured, and liver samples were stained for histological examination. Fenofibrate treatment decrea…
Medical significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
1999
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) were discovered in 1990, ending 25 years of uncertainty about the molecular mechanisms of peroxisome proliferation. Subsequently, PPARs have improved our understanding of adipocyte differentiation. But there is more to PPARs than solving a puzzle about an organelle (the peroxisome) long considered an oddity, and their medical significance goes beyond obesity too. Enhanced PPAR type alpha expression protects against cardiovascular disorders though the role of enhanced PPARgamma expression seems less favourable. PPAR mechanisms, mainly via induction of more differentiated cell phenotypes, protect against some cancers. The differentiation of m…
Femoral neck’s fracture in Fahr’s Syndrome: case report
2016
Fahr's syndrome, also known as "Bilateral Striopallidodentate Calcinosis" (BSPDC) primitive, is a rare neurological disease characterized by the presence of idiopathic, bilateral, symmetrical and abnormal deposition of calcium in areas of the brain that control movements including the basal ganglia, dentate nuclei of the cerebellum, nuclei of thalamus and semi-oval center. We describe a case of a 76-year-old male patient underwent reduction and fixation of a subtrochanteric fracture with intramedullary nail. During post-operative rehabilitation therapists's patient management was difficult due to obvious extrapyramidal symptoms characterized by dysarthria, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural i…
A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings
2016
Background Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality has been extensively applied to subjects affected by mood disorders (MOOD). However, most studies are widely heterogeneous in terms of sample size, methods of assessment, and selection of participants. Methods We conducted a systematic review of literature and a random effects meta-analysis of studies comparing at least two of the following groups: (a) adults with a primary MOOD diagnosis (Bipolar Disorder (BP) or major depressive disorder (MDD)), (b) their unaffected siblings (SIB) or (c) healthy subjects (HS), and reporting quantitative results from the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) or the Temperament and Charac…
Interferon for non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis
1991
Abstract We reviewed randomised clinical trials evaluating the effect of lymphoblastoid or recombinant α-interferon in non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis. The outcomes assessed were the rates of serum alanine aminotransferase normalization and relapse during and after stopping interferon. Data were pooled by meta-analysis and a 50% overall rate difference, favouring treated patients, was found. Results showed homogeneity in direction of treatment effect both after short-term (2–6 months, ≥ 2 mega-units thrice weekly) and long-term (9–18 months, variable dose) interferon course. Moreover, results did not change when type of publication (abstracts vs. full reports) and treatment duration or sched…
Is sauna bathing protective of sudden cardiac death? A review of the evidence
2019
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a global public health burden accounting for 15–20% of all deaths. Though established atherosclerotic risk factors explain a large proportion of the risk of SCD, these factors are often absent in a large proportion of SCD victims and the pathogenesis of SCD is still not fully established. It therefore appears that additional factors may be involved. Sauna bathing is a traditional Finnish activity that is mainly used for the purposes of relaxation and pleasure. Beyond its use for these purposes, sauna bathing has been linked with several health benefits. Emerging evidence suggests that sauna bathing is associated with reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) …
The diabetogenic action of statins — mechanisms and clinical implications
2015
Treatment with statins has transformed primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including thrombotic stroke. Evidence-based data demonstrate the benefits and safety of statin therapy and help to guide clinicians in the management of populations at high risk of CVD. Nevertheless, clinical trials, meta-analyses and observational studies highlight a 10-12% increase in new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) among patients receiving statins. The risk further increases with intensive therapy and among individuals with known risk factors for NODM. Mechanisms underpinning this effect are not yet fully understood; however, Mendelian randomization studies suggest that they are re…