Search results for "REE"
showing 10 items of 13625 documents
Diversity begets diversity: A global perspective on gender equality in scientific society leadership.
2018
Research shows that gender inequality is still a major issue in academic science, yet academic societies may serve as underappreciated and effective avenues for promoting female leadership. That is, society membership is often self-selective, and board positions are elected (with a high turnover compared to institutions)—these characteristics, among others, may thus create an environment conducive to gender equality. We therefore investigate this potential using an information-theoretic approach to quantify gender equality (male:female ratios) in zoology society boards around the world. We compare alternative models to analyze how society characteristics might predict or correlate with the …
Equal access to the top? Measuring selection into finnish academia
2019
In this article, we draw a parallel between equality of opportunity in educational transitions and equality of opportunity in academic careers. In both cases, many methodological problems can be ameliorated by the use of longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data. We illustrate this point by using Finnish full-population register data to follow the educational and academic careers of the 1964–1966 birth cohorts from birth to the present day. We show how the Finnish professoriate is highly selected both in terms of parental background and in terms of gender. Individuals of different backgrounds differ greatly in the likelihood of completing different educational and academic transitions, …
Institutional Autonomy and Academic Freedom in the Nordic Context — Similarities and Differences
2013
Owing to their common history, similarities in language and culture, long traditions in political collaboration and the shared Nordic societal model, an assumption is often made that the operational and regulatory context of universities is similar in the five Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. In this article, we examine the relationship between the Nordic higher education institutions and their specific governments. The interpretation of institutional autonomy and academic freedom in the Nordic countries is discussed with support from recently collected empirical data, Nordic university legislation and the topical research literature. We describe the differenc…
Industrial Citizenship, Cosmopolitanism and European Integration
2014
Abstract. There has been an explosion of interest in the idea of European Union citizenship in recent years, as a defining example of postnational cosmopolitan citizenship potentially replacing, or at least layered on top of national citizenships. We argue this form of EU citizenship undermines industrial citizenship, which is a crucial support for the egalitarianism and social solidarity on which other types of citizenship are based. Because industrial citizenship arises from collectivities based in class identities and national institutions, it depends on the nation state erritorial order and the social closure inherent in this. EU citizenship in its current ‘postnational’ form is realize…
Yrittäjätaiteilijat vapauden, luovuuden ja toimeentulon rajapinnoilla
2021
Keskitymme artikkelissamme nuorten (alle 35-vuotiaiden), taiteilijoina toimivien yrittäjien ja freelancereiden näkemyksiin omasta työstään, työolosuhteistaan ja tuloistaan. Aineistonamme on Kulttuuripolitiikan edistämissäätiön ja Taiteen edistämiskeskuksen keräämä Nuoret taiteentekijät ‑kyselyaineisto vuodelta 2018 (n = 565). Erotimme aineistosta artikkelimme otokseksi yrittäjien ja freelancereiden (n = 209) edellä mainittuja asioita koskevat vastaukset. Käytämme heistä yhteisnimitystä yrittäjätaiteilijat. Tutkimme eri tekijöiden vaikutuksia yrittäjätaiteilijoiden työtyytyväisyyteen suorien jakaumien sekä ristiintaulukointien ja niitä koskevien riippumattomuustestien ja korrelaatiokertoimie…
Riconfigurare i territori metroplitani. Forme di urbanizzazione e fenomeni di pressione insediativa sui sistemi di interesse naturale in Sicilia
2018
The consumption of the soil due to urbanization it is a phenomena already for many years under observations, but of which only the scientific environment has noticed the elevated environmental impact progress. From a disciplinary point of view, is possible to identify a line of research focusing on the analysis and identification of new morphologies of urbanization and on the interaction among different settlement patterns coexisting in a specific context. This reading complements with the scientific production about the forms of settlement pressure on environmental systems, producing change and deterioration on natural ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. A necessary reference for this lin…
Task-Specific Organic Salts and Ionic Liquids Binary Mixtures: A Combination to Obtain 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural From Carbohydrates
2019
The increase in energy demand and depletion of fossil fuels are among major issues of modern society. Valorization and transformation of raw materials in products of industrial value represents a challenge. This justifies the growing interest of scientific research towards the identification of suitable media and methodologies able to pursue above goals, paying attention to matter of sustainability. On this subject, we studied sulfonic-acid functionalized diimidazolium salts as catalysts for the conversion of fructose and sucrose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in an ionic liquid mixture. In general, using these salts allowed us to obtain 5-HMF in good yields from both substrates in mild…
Branching Ratios and Spectral Functions of $\tau$ Decays: final ALEPH measurements and physics implications
2005
The full LEP-1 data set collected with the ALEPH detector at the $Z$ pole during 1991-1995 is analysed in order to measure the $\tau$ decay branching fractions. Extensive systematic studies are performed, in order to match the large statistics of the data sample corresponding to over 300 000 measured and identified $\tau$ decays. Branching fractions are obtained for the two leptonic channels and eleven hadronic channels defined by their respective numbers of charged particles and $\pi^0$'s. Using previously published ALEPH results on final states with charged and neutral kaons, corrections are applied to the hadronic channels to derive branching ratios for exclusive final states without kao…
ISSUES ON THE POSITION OF EUROPEAN EASTERN COUNTRIES IN WORLD RANKINGS INCLUDING ELEMENTS OF TAXATION
2012
Taxation is an essential component of any nation. Taxation, with its economic and social implications, is taken into account when the world rankings are made. The level of fiscal pressure, the design of the tax system, the number of taxes, the relationship between taxpayers with the fiscal administration, the principles of taxation, the existence of a real partnership between the taxpayer and the state are a part of fiscal elements that determine attractiveness or rejection from a particular country. Without claiming an exhaustive approach, our work presents some fiscal aspects from Eastern European countries found in world rankings, by emphasizing the influence of these factors on the posi…
Teachers’ Identity Tensions and Related Coping Strategies : Interaction With the Career Stages and Socio-Political Context
2022
When external requirements conflict with teachers’ personal beliefs and values, the resulting internal struggles can lead to identity tensions. Contributing to discussion on teachers’ identity development in a challenging context, this study investigated teacher identity tensions and related coping strategies in Hong Kong. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with qualified teachers and then performed a deductive thematic analysis of the data. We categorised the identity tensions as positioned on the micro or macro level, and distinguished the coping strategies as emotion-focused or problem-focused behaviours. The identity tensions and related coping strategies seemed to be associated…