Search results for "REF"
showing 10 items of 8690 documents
Is time to joint replacement a valid outcome measure in clinical trials of drugs for osteoarthritis?
2003
The rate of radiographic joint space narrowing is commonly used today as a structural outcome measure in clinical trials evaluating potential disease-modifying drugs in patients with hip osteoarthritis, but this results in a continuous variable. Among the methods proposed to circumvent this problem, it has been suggested that the incidence of total hip arthoplasty (THA) provides a hard outcome measure. It is a dichotomized variable, easy to measure and sensitive to change, with acceptable intrinsic validity. However, because this measure is limited by the variability of factors underlying the decision to perform surgery and the length of waiting lists, it has been suggested that time to ful…
Abatacept as Adjunctive Therapy in Refractory Polymyalgia Rheumatica.
2021
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the mainstay of treatment for patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).1 Despite their efficacy, GCs are associated with well-known adverse events and a substantial proportion of patients with PMR do not respond adequately, or are refractory, to initial GC treatment. GC-sparing agents in PMR are limited to methotrexate (MTX).1.
The Influence of Music Genre, Style of Singing, and Gender of Singing Voice on Music Preference of Elementary School Children
2009
Hargreaves’ (1982, 1995) research on childrens’ development of music preference, which led to the hypothesis of “open-earedness”, has often been replicated and initiated empirical studies on different aspects. The presented study adds new perspectives with its longitudinal design and its systematically controlled variables style of singing and gender of singing voice. Results of the first measurement with N=313 first graders of five schools will be discussed. Participants indicated their liking of eleven music examples from six music genres on a five-point rating-scale. For each music genre (except World Music) male and female singers were presented as well as different styles of singing (B…
What makes us like music?
2009
Why do we like the music we like and why do different people like different kinds of music? Existing models try to explain music preference as an interplay of musical features, the characteristics of the listener, and the listening context. Hereby, they refer to short-term preference decisions for a given piece of music rather than to the question why we listen to music at all and why we select a particular musical style. In this paper, it is hypothesized that the motivation for music listening and the liking for a particular kind of music depend on the functions that this music can fulfill for the listener. Thus, the relative contribution of these functions to the development of music pref…
Personality correlates of music preferences in the Czech Republic
2009
This study examines the structure of music preferences in the sample of participants from the Czech Republic (n=521), differences in structure of music preferences among various age groups and the associations between these preferences and certain personality characteristics. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five music preference dimensions. Further analysis addressed the question how music preferences are related to personality characteristics. Preferences for these music dimensions were related to personality dimension of Big-Five personality model. The data confirmed prior research conducted in the United States and revealed certain dissimilarities based on cultural differences.
Temporal Stability of Music Preferences as an Indicator of Their Underlying Conditionings
2013
To emphasize the substantial impact of both cognitive and emotional processes on the development of music preferences, such definitions are formed which define preferences as a set of emotional-rational attitudes, which in turn affect the perception of a piece of music. It can be assumed that music preferences are dependent on the current situational and emotional aspects. Accepting this assumption, the absolute stability of the preferences of particular musical genres will be relatively low. As an alternative to the above reasoning, it can be assumed that the high temporal stability of the musical genres preferences may indicate deeper than, for instance, related to the current mood determ…
Who enjoys listening to sad music and why?
2011
although people generally avoid negative emotional experiences in general, they often enjoy sadness portrayed in music and other arts. The present study investigated what kinds of subjective emotional experiences are induced in listeners by sad music, and whether the tendency to enjoy sad music is associated with particular personality traits. One hundred forty-eight participants listened to 16 music excerpts and rated their emotional responses. As expected, sadness was the most salient emotion experienced in response to sad excerpts. However, other more positive and complex emotions such as nostalgia, peacefulness, and wonder were also evident. Furthermore, two personality traits – Opennes…
Musiikkimaun laajentamista tukeva musiikkikasvatus : voiko lukioikäisten musiikilliseen preferenssiin vaikuttaa ennalta annetulla informaatiolla?
2018
Maisterintutkielmassani tutkin mahdollisuutta vaikuttaa etukäteen annetulla informaatiolla Kaustisen musiikkilukion opiskelijoiden musiikilliseen preferenssiin. Kiinnostuksen kohteena oli myös musiikkilinjalla sekä yleislinjalla opiskelevien opiskelijoiden välinen ero preferensseissä. Tutkimukseni liittyy laajempaan keskusteluun musiikinopetuksen mahdollisuuksista edistää oppilaiden musiikkisuhdetta ja monipuolista musiikkimakua. Tutkimus oli luonteeltaan musiikin kuuntelutehtävää ja strukturoitua kyselyä hyödyntävä kvantitatiivinen tutkimus. Opiskelijoille soitettiin kolme musiikkinäytettä, joita opiskelijat arvioivat mielekkyyden sekä tunnevaikutusten kannalta. Opiskelijat jaettiin kolmee…
Musiikillisten tunteidensäätelystrategioiden tyypillisyys ja yhteys musiikkipreferenssiin klassisen musiikin kuuntelijoilla
2012
Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin klassista musiikkia kuuntelevien ihmisten tapoja säädellä tunteitaan musiikinkuuntelun yhteydessä. Tutkimusongelmana oli selvittää aiemman tutkimuksen tunnistaman seitsemän mielialansäätelystrategian käyttöä etsien tyypillisiä säätelystrategioita sekä koko otoksen tasolla että kuuntelumäärältään, musiikkiharrastustaustaltaan ja musiikkipreferenssiltään erilaisilla klassisen musiikin kuuntelijoilla. Tutkimuksen aineisto (N=281) kerättiin internetissä toteutetulla kyselyllä loka-marraskuussa 2011. Iältään 14-77 -vuotiaiden musiikinkuuntelijoiden ryhmäeroja, säätelystrategioiden suosimista ja musiikkipreferenssiä selvitettiin kvantitatiivisilla menetelmillä tarka…
Molecular and Macromolecular Changes in Bottle-Aged White Wines Reflect Oxidative Evolution–Impact of Must Clarification and Bottle Closure
2018
This article is part of the Research Topic "The Chemistry of Wine Ageing" Adresse de correspondance: Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin, Dijon, France PMCID: PMC5897750; International audience; Chardonnay wines from Burgundy, obtained from musts with three levels of clarification (Low, Medium and High) during two consecutive vintages (2009 and 2010) and for two kinds of closures (screw caps and synthetic coextruded closures) were analyzed chemically and sensorially. Three bottles per turbidity level were opened in 2015 in order to assess the intensity of the reductive and/or oxidative aromas (REDOX sensory scores) by a trained sensory panel. The chemical analyses consisted in poly…