Search results for "REF"
showing 10 items of 8690 documents
Investigating Syntactic Complexity in EFL Learners' Writing across Common European Framework of Reference Levels A1, A2, and B1
2019
Abstract The study investigates the linguistic basis of Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) levels in English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ writing. Specifically, it examines whether CEFR levels can be distinguished with reference to syntactic complexity (SC) and whether the results differ between two groups of EFL learners with different first languages (Sindhi and Finnish). This sheds light on the linguistic comparability of the CEFR levels across L1 groups. Informants were teenagers from Pakistan (N = 868) and Finland (N = 287) who wrote the same argumentative essay that was rated on a CEFR-based scale. The essays were analysed for 28 SC indices with the L2 Syntactic Co…
Tapetilla lukutaito ja amisreformi : Kieliverkosto Äidinkielen ja kirjallisuuden opetuksen foorumissa 2018
2018
Kvantitativa perspektiv på L2-tal på olika färdighetsnivåer
2021
The aim of this study is to investigate differences in the amount (the occurrence rate) of second language (L2) traits at different proficiency levels in spoken L2 Finland-Swedish. In the analysis, we focus on L2 features in segments, segment lengths, word stress and sentence stress. Further, we analyze the ability to produce speech and the complexity of production at different proficiency levels: the amount of speech, token length, token structure and speech rate. Through previous research, we know that pronunciation plays an important role for comprehensibility and foreign accent but also for the level of oral proficiency. Although pronunciation and different pronunciation features are us…
New is not always costly: evidence from online processing of topic and contrast in Japanese.
2013
Two visual ERP experiments were conducted to investigate topic and contrast assigned by various cues such as discourse context, sentential position and marker during referential processing in Japanese. Experiment 1 showed that there was no N400-difference for new vs. given noun phrases (NPs) when the new NP was expected (contrastively focused) based on its preceding context and sentential position. Experiment 2 further revealed that the N400 for new NPs can be modulated by the NP’s contrastive meaning (exhausitivity) induced from the marker. Both experiments also showed that new NPs engendered an increased Late Positivity. The reduced N400 for new vs. given supports an expectation-based lin…
Przypadek Schneidera wobec motoryki ciała jako pierwotnej postaci intencjonalności w "Fenomenologii percepcji" Maurice'a Merleau-Ponty'ego
2011
Torrefioimalla käsitellyn puun varastoinnissa liukenevat yhdisteet
2016
Torrefiointi on uusi tapa käsitellä biomassaa. Torrefioitua biomassaa voidaan käyttää korvaaman fossiilisia polttoaineita korkealaatuista polttoainetta vaativissa voimalaitoksissa, joissa perinteisten biopolttoaineiden laatu ei riitä. Torrefiointi lisää biomassan energiatiheyttä ja tehollista lämpöarvoa merkittävästi. Kasvanut energiatiheys alentaa myös kuljetuskustannuksia verrattuna muihin biopolttoaineisiin. Tämän vuoksi torrefoidusta biomassasta, erityisesti torrefioiduista puupelleteistä on kaavailtu kivihiilen korvaavaa polttoainetta pölypolttolaitoksissa. Torrefioitujen puupellettien varastoitavuuden ja kosteuden keston oletetaan olevan tavallisia puupellettejä parempi, jolloin niitä…
Kolmivaiheisen pyrolyysiprosessin mallintaminen
2015
Työssä rakennetun mallin avulla määritettiin kolmivaiheisen hitaan pyrolyysiprosessin massa- ja energiavirrat. Mallissa reaktoriin syötettiin 2 kg tuoretta mäntyä, josta kuivausvaiheen jälkeen saatiin tuotteena 1 kg kuivaa puuta. Lämpötilassa 260 °C suoritetun torrefioinnin kiintosaanto oli 0,84 kg torrefiointiöljyn 0,13 kg ja kaasujen 0,04 kg. Hapan torrefiointiöljy sekä torrefiointikaasut johdettiin ulos prosessista ja torrefioitu puu pyrolysoitiin 450 °C:ssa, jolloin muodostui biohiiltä 0,28 kg, pyrolyysiöljyä 0,35 kg ja pyrolyysikaasuja 0,37 kg kiloa torrefioitua puuta kohti. Kuivausvaihe kulutti energiaa 3260 kJ/kg-tuore puu ja torrefiointi 619 kJ/kg-kuiva puu. Pyrolyysivaihe sen sijaa…
The Effects of Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation on Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Neurophysiological Assessment
2019
Background: Central neuropathic pain represents one of the most common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) and it seriously affects quality of life. Spinal mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain in MS. Converging evidence from animal models and neurophysiological and clinical studies in humans suggests a potential effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tc-DCS) on neuropathic pain. Spinal application of DCS, i.e., transcutaneous spinal DCS (ts-DCS), may modulate nociception through inhibition of spinal reflexes. Therefore, ts-DCS could represents an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment for neuropathic pain in MS, a largely unexplored topic. This…
Trasferimento di azienda e mora del creditore
2020
The Article analyses the recent developments of the Italian jurisprudence, regarding the effects of the offer of the job performance, in the cases in which it is illegally refused by the employer. The theory, according to which in such cases the workers can obtain only a compensation for damages, and not the entire salary, has been reconsidered. In such situations, the workers can nowadays obtain the entire pay, unless a special rule establishes differently. According to the Author’s opinion, the special rules actually existing could determine the unconstitutionality of the regulation on the refusal of the job performance, when a transfer of undertakings is later declared void.
Search for photonic signatures of gauge-mediated supersymmetry in 8TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
2015
A search is presented for photonic signatures motivated by generalized models of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. This search makes use of 20.3 fb[superscript −1] of proton-proton collision data at √s = 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC, and explores models dominated by both strong and electroweak production of supersymmetric partner states. Four experimental signatures incorporating an isolated photon and significant missing transverse momentum are explored. These signatures include events with an additional photon, lepton, b-quark jet, or jet activity not associated with any specific underlying quark flavor. No significant excess of events is observed above the Stand…