Search results for "RELATION"
showing 10 items of 10542 documents
Genetic and environmental influences on non-specific neck pain in early adolescence: A classical twin study
2012
Background Prevalence of neck pain has increased among adolescents. The origins of adult chronic neck pain may lie in late childhood, but for early prevention, more information is needed about its aetiology. We investigated the relative roles of genetic and environmental factors in early adolescent neck pain with a classic twin study. Methods Frequency of neck pain was assessed with a validated pain questionnaire in a population-based sample of nearly 1800 pairs of 11–12-year-old Finnish twins. Twin pair similarity for neck pain was quantified by polychoric correlations, and variance components were estimated with biometric structural equation modelling. Results Prevalence of neck pain repo…
Two-photon excitation microscopy of tryptophan-containing proteins.
2002
We have examined the feasibility of observing single protein molecules by means of their intrinsic tryptophan emission after two-photon excitation. A respiratory protein from spiders, the 24-meric hemocyanin, containing 148 tryptophans, was studied in its native state under almost in vivo conditions. In this specific case, the intensity of the tryptophan emission signals the oxygen load, allowing one to investigate molecular cooperativity. As a system with even higher tryptophan content, we also investigated latex spheres covered with the protein avidin, resulting in 340 tryptophans per sphere. The ratio of the fluorescence quantum efficiency to the bleaching efficiency was found to vary b…
Autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: measurement and treatment
2021
Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that have, in common, deficits in communication and social interaction and present repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. There is a great variability of symptoms associated with ASD. Among them, anxiety disorders are perhaps one of the most frequent and most developmentally disruptive in children, youths, and adults, which generate alterations in family life also. The treatments based on cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) have the highest scientific evidence. In a population with ASD, both program adaptations and specific programs have been developed. Due to its characteristics, the most studied p…
Administrative legitimacy and the democratic deficit of the European Union
2017
This article suggests a new concept of measurement for the EU’s oft-alleged democratic deficit based on two contributions. First, we turn attention to the administrative staff involved in policy-making rather than the (un)accountability of EUs’ parliamentarians and executive agents. Second, building on the idea that policy-makers’ legitimacy depends on the extent to which they can claim to represent some groups or social interests, we assess the extent to which Commission officials’ preferences reflect European citizens’ policy stance. Our results indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between the policy preferences of EU administrative staff and their home country popula…
Intermediaries: bridges across the digital divide
2012
The challenge of bringing developing countries into the “information society” has been traditionally framed as bridging the digital divide. Meeting this challenge has predominantly been through technical solutions aimed at providing physical access to the Internet. Yet, other aspects of the divide such as low literacy rates, gender and religious issues arguably pose bigger hurdles in getting the benefits of the Internet to the vast majority of the population of developing countries. They are seldom aware of the information available on the net and even when they are, they have difficulty using it. To facilitate access and use of the Internet by the population, an intermediary is often neede…
Ikääntyvien opiskelu ja koulutus
1994
Right up to the present, study by the elderly has focused mainly on general adult education. Consequently, marginalisation in this area has been particularly harmful to this section of the population, the people who have received the least education in our society. The motives and points of departure concerning the elderly have not yet been clearly formulated in adult education. This state of affairs is exemplified by the facts that adult education policy statements almost entirely by-pass the issue of education for the elderly and that an educational policy aimed at the elderly simply does not exist. The elderly can no longer be expected to be satisfied with mere activities for the sake of…
Do Social Chemophobic Attitudes Influence the Opinions of Secondary School Students?
2021
For some time now, chemistry has not had a good reputation in society. The population identifies this discipline with industries and pollution, while its positive contributions are usually ignored. This fear of chemistry may affect the opinion of society toward not only science, but also the scientific work itself. To assess the prevalence of this social phenomenon among them, a group of 351 preuniversity students was surveyed and the answers provided were analyzed based on their characteristics (age, sex, and location). The results support the usefulness of the developed questionnaire and show that there already exists a tendency to reject everything “containing chemicals” or that “is not …
A New Multinomial Accuracy Measure for Polling Bias
2014
In this article, we propose a polling accuracy measure for multi-party elections based on a generalization of Martin, Traugott, and Kennedy's two-party predictive accuracy index. Treating polls as random samples of a voting population, we first estimate an intercept only multinomial logit model to provide proportionate odds measures of each party's share of the vote, and thereby both unweighted and weighted averages of these values as a summary index for poll accuracy. We then propose measures for significance testing, and run a series of simulations to assess possible bias from the resulting folded normal distribution across different sample sizes, finding that bias is small even for polls…
Context of validation of non-formal and informal learning in Spain: a comprehensive view
2019
The system of validation and accreditation of professional qualifications in Spain is offered as a certification opportunity, especially for vulnerable groups. The procedure is presented as an evaluative proposal that allows some inequalities associated with training and employment to be addressed. In this article we analyse whether this system really fosters social cohesion, considering the political situation that frames the procedure and the educational approach underlying it. The research methodology combines the documentary analysis and interviews with the application of the Delphi method. The most relevant results show that the socio-political context is favourable to competences accr…
Celebrating Multiculturalism: European Multicultural Media Initiatives as Anti-Racist Practices
2017
Looking back on 20 years of European media policy, which reflects issues of ethnic minorities and immigrants there are significant developments in both policy and implementation. The recent European initiatives to increase cultural diversity in the media at a high institutional level stress that ethnic minorities and new immigrants should get access to both the screen and the newsroom. The increased policies and activity in this domain are a result of the perceived threat of the non-integration of the minority population in Europe. Signs of “lack of social cohesion” are interpreted from key events that have been heavily aired in the media: disturbances in French suburbs, the Danish cartoon …