Search results for "REPLICATION"
showing 10 items of 489 documents
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Dicistroviridae
2017
Dicistroviridae is a family of small non-enveloped viruses with monopartite, linear, positive-sense RNA genomes of approximately 8–10 kb. Viruses of all classified species infect arthropod hosts, with some having devastating economic consequences, such as acute bee paralysis virus in domesticated honeybees and taura syndrome virus in shrimp farming. Conversely, the host specificity and other desirable traits exhibited by several members of this group make them potential natural enemies for intentional use against arthropod pests, such as triatoma virus against triatomine bugs that vector Chagas disease. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on…
High genetic stability of potato yellow mosaic Panama virus infecting tomato in Panama
2018
The relevant regions in Panama involved in commercial tomato production, including the Chiriqui, Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos and Panama Oeste provinces, were surveyed for the distribution and genetic diversity of potato yellow mosaic Panama virus (PYMPV) in the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012. A total of 28 tomato plots were surveyed and 314 individual tomato plants were sampled. DNA was extracted from each plant for a subsequent rolling circle amplification (RCA) analysis, to confirm the presence of begomovirus infections. The samples displaying a positive RCA reaction were subsequently analysed by PCR with a specific primer pair to identify PYMPV. This virus was detected in samples col…
Cyclins B1, T1, and H differ in their molecular mode of interaction with cytomegalovirus protein kinase pUL97
2019
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common β-herpesvirus causing life-long latent infections. HCMV replication interferes with cell cycle regulation in host cells because the HCMV-encoded cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) ortholog pUL97 extensively phosphorylates the checkpoint regulator retinoblastoma protein. pUL97 also interacts with cyclins B1, T1, and H, and recent findings have strongly suggested that these interactions influence pUL97 substrate recognition. Interestingly, here we detected profound mechanistic differences among these pUL97-cyclin interactions. Our study revealed the following. (i) pUL97 interacts with cyclins B1 and H in a manner dependent on pUL97 activity and HCMV-specifi…
DNA Injury and Repair Systems
2018
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The MRN complex is transcriptionally regulated by MYCN during neural cell proliferation to control replication stress
2015
The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex is a major sensor of DNA double strand breaks, whose role in controlling faithful DNA replication and preventing replication stress is also emerging. Inactivation of the MRN complex invariably leads to developmental and/or degenerative neuronal defects, the pathogenesis of which still remains poorly understood. In particular, NBS1 gene mutations are associated with microcephaly and strongly impaired cerebellar development, both in humans and in the mouse model. These phenotypes strikingly overlap those induced by inactivation of MYCN, an essential promoter of the expansion of neuronal stem and progenitor cells, suggesting that MYCN and the MRN complex migh…
ATR expands embryonic stem cell fate potential in response to replication stress
2020
Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro FIRC 18112 Sina Atashpaz.Fondazione Umberto Veronesi Sina Atashpaz Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro AIRC 5xmille METAMECH program Vincenzo Costanzo Giovanni Armenise-Harvard Foundation Vincenzo Costanzo European Research Council Consolidator grant 614541 Vincenzo Costanzo Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro Fellowship 23961 Negar ArghavanifarDanish Cancer Society KBVU-2014 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras Danish Council for Independent Research Sapere Aude, DFF Starting Grant 2014 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras European Research Council ERC-2015-STG-679068 Andres Joaquin Lopez-Contreras Danish National Research Foundatio…
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Metaviridae
2020
Metaviridae is a family of retrotransposons and reverse-transcribing viruses with long terminal repeats belonging to the order Ortervirales. Members of the genera Errantivirus and Metavirus include, respectively, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty3 virus and its Gypsy-like relatives in drosophilids. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Metaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/metaviridae.
Artemisinin Derivatives Target Topoisomerase 1 and Cause DNA Damage in Silico and in Vitro
2017
DNA topoisomerases 1 and 2 are enzymes that maintain DNA topology and play important essential genome functions, including DNA replication and transcription. Aberrant topoisomerases cause genome instability and a wide range of diseases, cancer in particular. Both Topo 1 and 2 are the targets of valuable anticancer drugs, such as camptothecin. It has been previously shown that artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua L. also known as qinghaosu, possesses anti-cancer effects and one of its derivatives, artesunate inhibits Topo 2. In this study, we evaluated artemisinin and 40 derivatives as potential Topo 1 inhibitors at first by in silico molecular docking analyses. Five com…
A dual role of caspase-8 in triggering and sensing proliferation-associated DNA damage, a key determinant of liver cancer development.
2017
Summary Concomitant hepatocyte apoptosis and regeneration is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) predisposing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we mechanistically link caspase-8-dependent apoptosis to HCC development via proliferation- and replication-associated DNA damage. Proliferation-associated replication stress, DNA damage, and genetic instability are detectable in CLDs before any neoplastic changes occur. Accumulated levels of hepatocyte apoptosis determine and predict subsequent hepatocarcinogenesis. Proliferation-associated DNA damage is sensed by a complex comprising caspase-8, FADD, c-FLIP, and a kinase-dependent function of RIPK1. This platform requires a non-apop…
Dicer prevents genome instability in response to replication stress
2019
Dicer, an endoribonuclease best-known for its role in microRNA biogenesis and RNA interference pathway, has been shown to play a role in the DNA damage response and repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. However, it remains unknown whether Dicer is also important to preserve genome integrity upon replication stress. To address this question, we focused our study on common fragile sites (CFSs), which are susceptible to breakage after replication stress. We show that inhibition of the Dicer pathway leads to an increase in CFS expression upon induction of replication stress and to an accumulation of 53BP1 nuclear bodies, indicating transmission of replication-associate…