Search results for "REPRESENTATION"
showing 10 items of 1710 documents
Are there individual concepts? Proper names and individual concepts in SI—Nets
1989
We discuss some aspects of the role played by descriptional knowledge in expressions denoting individual objects. In knowledge representation systems such as KL-ONE and KRYPTON which use semantic networks to express descriptional information, the problem is to establish whether the use of individual concepts in a network is justified. In the light of theoretical and applicational considerations, in the proposed solution only definite descriptions are considered as being characterizable by means of definitions. Vice versa, proper names, in the strict sense, will be treated as having no definitional dimension, and as such only appear in the assertional knowledge base. A description is given o…
On Line Elaboration of a Mental Model During the Understanding of an Animation
2006
This experiment examines how, high and low mechanical and spatial abilities, learners understand an animation. Two variables were manipulated: the controllability of the animations and the task type of the learners to study the device. The comprehension test results indicated a positive effect of a fully controllable animation and also a positive effect of task type, when the attention of the learner is focused on the functional model and on local kinematics. The eye tracking data indicated that the learners attend more to the areas of the animations where a great amount of motion is involved along the causal chain of events. We show an effect of the controllability of the system and of the…
Knowledge Representation in Travelling Texts:from Mirroring to Missing the Point
2014
<p><em>Today, information travels fast. Texts travel, too. In a corporate context, the question is how to manage which knowledge elements should travel to a new language area or market and in which form? The decision to let knowledge elements travel or not travel highly depends on the limitation and the purpose of the text in a new context as well as on predefined parameters for text travel. For texts used in marketing and in technology, the question is whether culture-bound knowledge elements should be domesticated or kept as foreign elements, or should be mirrored or moulded—or should not travel at all! When should semantic and pragmatic elements in a text be replaced and by w…
Kara reprezentācijas Čanga-reja Lī romānā „Pakļautais”
2017
Bakalaura darba mērķis bija analizēt kara reprezentācijas Čanga Reja Lī romānā “Pakļautais”. Darba empīriskais pētījums ir veltīts kara reprezentācijai, kas ir attēlota ar romāna trīs galvenajiem varoņiem, kā arī Lī kara attēlojumam kā pastāvīgai daļai no vēstures. Darba teorētiskais pētījums apraksta Amerikāņu kara romāna žanru, sniedz pārskatu par mūsdienu Āzijas amerikāņu literatūras lomu un galvenajām tēmām, koncentrējoties uz dažiem autoriem, un priekšstatu par Korejas karu kā aizmirsto vai nezināmo karu. Bakalaura darba izpētē izmantots kvalitatīvā pētniecības metode – rūpīga teksta lasīšana. Kara reprezentācijas analīze atklāja, ka “Pakļautais” atšķiras no standarta postmodernisma Am…
Città ‘altre’. Le miniere come metafora della rappresentazione.
2014
Lo studio è incentrato sulla rappresentazione di una miniera di zolfo nel cuore della Sicilia. I legami tra gli impianti fuori terra e la fitta rete di gallerie del sottosuolo costituiscono una efficace metafora della struttura urbana e di alcune delle questioni legate alla rappresentazione dell’architettura. Il dualismo tra spazi apollinei e dionisiaci, tra il regno della percezione e quello della tattilità e della memoria, rappresentati rispettivamente dalle strutture fuori terra e dal sottosuolo, costringono alla ricerca di forme della rappresentazione capaci di esprimerne le peculiarità. Tre tavole, disegnate con una tecnica obsoleta, matita su cartoncino, cercano di rappresentare la co…
Public Employees as Politicians: Evidence from Close Elections
2017
We analyze the effect of municipal employees’ political representation in municipal councils on local public spending. We use within-party, as-good-as-random variation in close elections in the Finnish open-list proportional election system to quantify the effect. One more councilor employed by the public sector increases spending by about 1%. The effect comes largely through the largest party and is specific to the employment sector of the municipal employee. The results are consistent with public employees having an information advantage over other politicians, and thus, being able to influence policy.
A Geometric Approach to Automatic Description of Iconic Scenes
2005
It is proposed a step towards the automatic description of scenes with a geometric approach. The scenes considered are composed by a set of elements that can be geometric forms or iconic representation of objects. Every icon is characterized by a set of attributes like shape, colour, position, orientation. Each scene is related to a set of sentences describing its content. The proposed approach builds a data driven vector semantic space where the scenes and the sentences are mapped. Sentences and scene with the same meaning are mapped in near vectors and distance criteria allow retrieving semantic relations.
Constructing the secular imagined community : a critical intercultural analysis of discourses of laïcité from Le Monde
2016
The concept of secularism encompasses numerous aspects beyond the regulation of relations between the State and Churches. Using a critical intercultural communication framework, this research project explores the interplay between secularism, culture, religion, identity, and collective representations. Specifically, this study focuses on laïcité, the concept of secularism used in France. Previous studies have criticized laïcité for being biased and contributing to inequalities between communities in France. The pervasive (and false) representation of laïcité as originally and exclusively French has also been criticized. In the light of the concerns raised by previous studies, this study set…
Explainable Reinforcement Learning with the Tsetlin Machine
2021
The Tsetlin Machine is a recent supervised machine learning algorithm that has obtained competitive results in several benchmarks, both in terms of accuracy and resource usage. It has been used for convolution, classification, and regression, producing interpretable rules. In this paper, we introduce the first framework for reinforcement learning based on the Tsetlin Machine. We combined the value iteration algorithm with the regression Tsetlin Machine, as the value function approximator, to investigate the feasibility of training the Tsetlin Machine through bootstrapping. Moreover, we document robustness and accuracy of learning on several instances of the grid-world problem.
Designing the Didactic Strategy Modeling Language (DSML) From PoN: An Activity Oriented EML Proposal
2018
[EN] This paper presents the design of the didactic strategy modeling language (DSML) according to the principles of Physics of Notations (PoN). The DSML is a visual and activity-oriented language for learning design characterized by the representation of different activities according to the nature of the task. Once the language is designed, a blind interpretation study is conducted to validate the semantic transparency of the learning activity iconography. The results of the paper allow to refine the icons. In addition to this, an authoring tool for DSML, which is integrated to an LMS, is presented. As a result, a model driven course was designed as a DSML pre-validation.